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AT THE SECURITY COUNCIL 2006 December 20, 2006: Briefing by Ambassador César Mayoral Permanent Representaive of Argentina to the United Nations. President of the Security Council Committee established pursuant Resolution 1267 (1999). "Al-Qaida-Taliban Committee" December 20, 2006: Open Debate. "Peace, Security and Development in the Great Lakes region of Africa" December 15, 2006: Reports of the International Tribunals for the Former Yugoslavia and Rwanda. December 13, 2006: The situation in Kosovo December 12, 2006: The situation in the Middle East December 4, 2006: Protection of civilians in armed conflict November 21, 2006: The situation in the Middle East, including the Palestinian Question November 8, 2006: The situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina October 26, 2006: Resolution 1325: The roles of women in the consolidation of Peace October 19, 2006: The situation in the Middle East, iIncluding the Palestinian Question September 21, 2006:The situation in the Middle East, Including the Palestinian Question September 20,2006: Open debate on the challenges of cooperation between the United Nations and regional organizaction and other intergubernamental bodies in maintaining international peace and security. September 18, 2006: The situation concerning Sudan September 14, 2006: The situation concerning Iraq September 13, 2006: Report of the Secretary General on UNMIK September 11, 2006: Reports of the Secretary General on the Sudan August 22, 2006: The situation in the Middle East, including the Palestinian Question August 15, 2006: The situation in Timor-Leste August 9, 2006: Peace consolidation in West Africa July 24, 2006: Children and armed conflict July 21, 2006: The situation in the Middle East including the Palestinian Question June 28, 2006: Protection of civilians in armed conflict June 22, 2006: Strengthening International Law: Rule of law and maintenance of International peace and Security. June 20, 2006: The situation in Kosovo June 13, 2006: "The situation in Timor-Leste". May 5, 2006: The Situation in Timor-Leste April 18, 2006: “The situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina” April 17, 2006: “The situation in the Middle East, including the Palestinian question” March 30, 2006: "The situation in the Middle East, including the Palestinian Question" March 27, 2006: "The Question concerning Haiti" Statement by Mr. Jorge Taiana, Minister of Foreign Affairs, International Trade and Worship. March 20, 2006: "Small arms" Open debate. March 14, 2006: The situation in Afghanistan : The UN Peacekeeping Operation; Sexual exploitaition and abuse February 22, 2006: The Procurement system of UN Peacekeeping Operations January 27th, 2006: Open debate on Peace, Security and Development in the Great lake region. January 24, 2006: Briefing by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees January 23, 2006: The situation in Timor-Leste. December 20, 2006: Briefing by Ambassador César Mayoral Permanent Representaive of Argentina to the United Nations. President of the Security Council Committee established pursuant Resolution 1267 (1999). "Al-Qaida-Taliban Committee" Mr. President, I would like to share some reflections, in my personal capacity, with members of the Security Council before concluding my mandate as President of the Al-Qaida-Taliban Committee, established by Resolution 1267. These have been two important years for the Committee and for Argentina. As for myself, it has been a professional privilege and a challenge to preside over it. According to the sixth and last report of the Monitoring Team, the Al-Qaida threat has decreased in certain places, such as Iraq - but unfortunately in other areas it has stayed at the same level or has increased for political reasons. At the same time, Al-Qaida appears to be working with more complex methods, as is the case in North Africa, in Asia or in the bosom of Western civilization. We are aware in this Council of the increasingly grave situation in Afghanistan, where the Taliban insurgence is regaining intensity and growing in numbers. It is allied with drug trafficking, which activates a vicious circle of terrorism, violence and corruption. We personally believe that the sanctions regime could better be utilized, with greater number of requests to include Al-Qaida members on the list or to adequately reflect the Taliban structure in Afghanistan. A more marked separation in the treatment of both lists would contribute to a better focus of listing and delisting of the Taliban and a more effective influence on the complex political and military processes in this country. In the fight against terrorism we must be united in our actions in order to be effective. Also, we must fully respect human rights. I believe that it is a moral imperative and has thus been reaffirmed in the Outcome Document of the 2005 Summit and in the United Nations Strategy against Terrorism. We have presided over the Committee for the past two years with this equilibrium as a goal. And I think we have been impartial, giving room for all positions of the members of the Committee and always adjusting it to consensus. In addition to incorporating new names of individuals and entities in the Consolidated List, we have made great progress in improving the quality of the List by adding more elements of identification. The Monitoring Team did a significant work in this respect, especially in Afghanistan. The renegotiation and improvement of the Committee's Guidelines has been an arduous and complex process. It was only very few days ago, on November 29, that we achieved consensus on the new Chapter 6. I believe that this has to be deemed an important progress. From now on States are urged to consult with the state of residence or nationality of the person or entity in order to search for additional information. The inclusion in the List must be based on a "Statement of the Case" with a series of elements of reasonability or proof. We have also included new rules that improve transparency and publicity such as the use of a cover page as well as a revision clause. Yesterday, the Security Council adopted Resolution 1730, which was originated from a proposal by some members to create a focal point in the Secretariat where those who are included in the List may ask for and justify a request for delisting. I acknowledge the active participation of all members of the Committee in this negotiation. Several countries, among them Argentina, would have liked greater progress, such as an independent revision mechanism. However, we must be realistic and understand that this is an evolving regime with changes that occur and improve the situation. The new revised directives and the new system of a Focal Point will allow us to see the functioning of these new rules in practice. It is to be expected that the sanctions regime may continue to be bettered in the future. The Council and the Committee must be transparent and open to necessary adjustments and must act speedily. Consensus may slow us down sometimes, but we must not be doubtful. The list of issues on hold should therefore be reduced. Let us not forget that while the individuals who are on the list are in a certain way stigmatized and isolated and, in several cases, criminally accused, the main problem is that such individuals who are about to commit terrorist acts are not yet on the list and we do not even know who they are. Only States can identify those individuals and entities so that they may be incorporated in the List. One of the important aspects of this Presidency was the visits to different countries and international organizations. Together with members of the Committee, the Monitoring Team and the Secretariat visited Germany, the European Institutions in Brussels, the Organization of Security and Cooperation in Europe and the United Nations Office against Drugs and Crime in Vienna, as well as Chad, Nigeria, Syria, Japan, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, Yemen and Qatar. Also, I have participated in regional meetings of heads of intelligence and security of Middle Eastern and North African countries. I consider that these meetings are very important and must continue in the future, since these are the persons in charge of antiterrorist action in the field where they meet, exchange specific information and manifest their perceptions and concerns to the Committee. These meetings that give us a direct and global perspective are a key part to the success of the fight against Al-Qaida and the Taliban. I am also glad to highlight the signature and effective functioning of the Agreement with INTERPOL, a multilateral body that is key to the fight against crime and terrorism. The positive experience of this cooperation instrumented through the Committee and the Monitoring Team has been crystallized by the adoption of Resolution 1699, through which it will be extended to other sanctions committees as well. The complex negotiation on the revision of the directives on delisting has not allowed us this year to address the issue of the criminal use of the Internet on behalf of Al-Qaida with the sufficient depth and time as we would have liked and the issue deserves. As it is known, about five thousand web-sites are set to distribute propaganda messages from terrorism every day, to coordinate their nets and to recruit new members and collect funds. The managing of information and modern technology on behalf of the terrorist organization Al-Qaida is one of the most pressing and sensitive issues for those in charge of intelligence and security in those countries affected by terrorism, especially in the Middle East. The Committee and the Security Council must address this issue that encompasses different aspects, such as the expansion of the sanctions regime or possible recommendations to governments. Moreover, new technologies could also be used to stop the message of terrorism and propaganda. We have tried to maintain an active and regular dialogue with the United Nations membership. With that goal in sight, we have held open meetings and invited the countries who were interested to come to the Committee. These possibilities should be taken advantage of in a greater fashion by countries who are not members of the committee and who must implement the sanctions and who suffer from terrorism. The task of the President and the proper functioning of the Committee could not have been achieved without the constant support of the Monitoring Team. My warmest acknowledgement goes therefore to Mr. Richard Barrett and all of his team for their high professionalism, judgment and constant support. Also, my work has been supported every day by the Secretariat Team. Members of the organization and the Council must continue providing the adequate financial, human and technical resources to the Monitoring Team and the Secretariat so that they may continue supporting the efficient functioning of the Committee and the application of Security Council resolutions. Sanctions are an important weapon in the fight against Al-Qaida. The important task that the 1267 Committee does will not be sufficient if the political, social and economic causes -from which the Al-Qaida terrorism stems- are not addressed. Therefore, if they want to prevail, the Security Council and the international community should redouble their efforts to achieve a just peace in the Middle East and social and economic development in Afghanistan. International terrorism is one of the greatest current threats to humanity. If we have come to the 21st century with progress in several areas, especially the economy, science and technology, it has been through everyone's effort. It is difficult to understand how some individuals manifest their frustrations and try to achieve their objectives through barbaric means by killing civilians, destroying countries and planting dissension and distrust among States. The United Nations have played a very important role in the past sixty years. Now it is its task to prevent and face terrorism. Therefore, I feel honored and proud that even if for a limited time, I had the chance to be part of this effort. December 20, 2006: Open Debate. "Peace, Security and Development in the Great Lakes region of Africa" We would like to thank the Special Representative of the
Secretary General for the Great Lakes, Mr. Ibrahima Fall for his presence
and the presidency of Qatar for the organization of this Open Debate on
such an important issue as Peace, Security and Development in the Great
Lakes region of Africa. December 15, 2006: Reports of the International Tribunals for the Former Yugoslavia and Rwanda. Mr. President, December 13, 2006: The situation in Kosovo At the outset, let me thank the Special Representative of the Secretary General, Mr. Joachim Rücker for his report and comments on the latest developments in Kosovo. Let me also add our voice to the expressions of gratitude to the men and women of the United Nations Interim Adminstration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) for their dedication and commitment with the values and principles of this Organization in carrying out their daily tasks. Argentina has been participating in UNMIK with police, military and diplomatic personnel from the very beginning of the Mission and we will continue to support its work in it upcoming phases as well. Mr. President, However, it is disappointing that the standards'programme impact upon Kosovo Serbs communities is limited, primarily due to their own reluctance to cooperate with the Pristina authorities. We urge Kosovo Serbs to engage with the Provisional Institutions and to participate at the central level of the political process in Kosovo; as the Secretary General said, not doing so is a disservice to their community. The leaders of the Serb National Council must put an end to their boycott of the contacts with the Provisional Institutions, while Belgrade authorities must remove without delay all impediments to such participation. As far as the leaders of the Provisional Institutions are concerned, they must persist vigorously with standards implementation if they are to accomplish the aim of creating the basis of a truly multiethnic and democratic society where all communities live together with dignity and security. All communities of the Kosovo society must exercise moderation in this critical moment for the future of Kosovo and their leaders must size this opportunity to promote reconciliation and dialogue. Mr. President, To achieve that it is of the outmost importance for any solution of this issue to be the outcome of the negotiation between the parties, and not an international imposition. This is, in our view, the basis for any sustainable agreement and we believe that a negotiated solution should be an international priority as well. The settlement of Kosovo's status should contribute to the regional stability with a realistic agreement that is viable and sustainable and fully compatible with UNSC Resolution 1244 (1999). The outcome of the process should be built on the basis of and be consistent with the "Guiding Principles for a Settlement of Kosovo's Status" elaborated by the Contact Group and endorsed by the Security Council, in particular, the full respect of the territorial integrity and internal stability of regional neighbours. Mr. President, December 12, 2006: The situation in the Middle East I would like to thank you Sheikh Hamad Bin Jassim
Bin Jabr Al-Thani for convening this open debate of the Security Council.
Argentina acknowledges the profound commitment of the State of Qatar with
the Middle East peace process and appreciates the efforts that you personally
have undertaken during this year in this regard. December 4, 2006: Protection of civilians in armed conflict Mr. President My delegation would like to thank you for convening this open debate on the protection of the civilians in armed conflicts. At the same time we thank the Emergency Relief Coordinator and Under Secretary General for Humanitarian Affairs, Mr. Jan Egeland, for his briefing to the Council. We would also like to specially appreciate Mr. Egeland's excellent work leading OCHA in challenging times for the humanitarian community. His commitment and devotion made a difference in the life of populations affected by humanitarian emergencies, vulnerable groups, and displaced populations. Mr. President The situation described by the Emergency Relief Coordinator clearly shows the persistence of atrocities committed against civilians in a scale that goes beyond the statistical point of the increase or decrease of certain categories of violence or attacks. My delegation strongly condemns those attacks and would like to reiterate that no national security consideration can prevail over the primary obligation of all States and parties to a conflict to fulfill the rules of international humanitarian law, contained in the Hague Conventions and the Geneva Conventions and their additional Protocols. The Security Council has substantially contributed to the international regime of protection of civilians through its resolutions 1265, 1296 and 1674. At the same time, the Council has been given a clear mandate by the General Assembly to take collective action in a timely and decisive fashion to protect populations from genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing and crimes against humanity. The above mentioned legal framework places at the disposal of the Security Council a set of tools for the protection of civilians. It is the task of the Council to make full use of them. In this respect, we would like to underline the importance of ensuring that the mandates of peacekeeping, political and peacebuilding missions include provisions regarding the protection of civilians, in particular groups requiring special attention, women and children. Those provisions should also address matters related to ensuring full and unimpeded access by humanitarian personnel to civilians affected by armed conflict. At the same time the Council has expressed its disposition to examine situations of systematic, flagrant and widespread violations of international humanitarian and human rights law, to adopt adequate measures to contribute to the establishment of a secure environment, and to consider establishing zones and corridors to protect civilians and provide humanitarian assistance. Mr. President In addition to these important mandates there are areas in the work of the Council in this matter where further improvement can be achieved. One example would be the improvement of the reporting mechanism on protection of civilians, in order to allow an appropriate follow-up in each of the situations included in the agenda of the Council. The improvement of reporting mechanisms is also important in the initial moments of a crisis when civilians are affected and where early warning may allow the Council the deployment of preventive actions to protect civilians. Finally, we consider that there is room to advance in the normative work of the Security Council on the protection of civilians, in particular in areas where current crises show that there is a clear need for further development. The situations of internal displacement are one of those areas. We commend the work and the leadership of OCHA to provide assistance and protection to internally displaced persons. At the same time, broader mandates are needed if there is political will in the international community to address the issue in its complexity. Other fields where further normative work can be explored include the linkages between small arms and protection of civilians, the disproportionate use of force and the uses of war. Thank you, Mr. President. November 21, 2006: The situation in the Middle East, including the Palestinian Question We have once again to regret that this meeting of the Security Council is held while innocent civilians in the Middle East continue suffering as a consequence of violence, terrorism and military activities. We renew our call on the parties and the international community to break the vicious circle of death and destruction that has darkened the Middle East in the last years and to renew the peace perspectives. For this to happen, we must focus on some concrete measures. Firstly, military operations in the Gaza Strip that endanger the civilian population must immediately cease. Likewise, attacks carried out by Palestinian groups with Qassem rockets into Israel must also immediately cease. Secondly, we should continue supporting the efforts of President Abbas to form a Government of national unity with which the international community can fully cooperate. In this regard, we hope that the conversations under way between leaders of Fatah and Hamas will yield fruit and that such a Government can be formed as soon as possible. Thirdly, the Israeli soldier Gilad Shalit abducted by Palestinian groups and Palestinian legislators and Ministers held by Israel should immediately and unconditionally be released. Fourthly, urgent measures have to be taken to alleviate the suffering of the Palestinian people. Palestinian tax and custom revenues withheld by Israel must be transferred through the appropriate international mechanisms. Likewise, the Agreement of Movement and Access should be fully implemented and the crossings into and out of Gaza be kept permanently opened. At this point we have to point out that these measures would be in vain unless a genuine process of negotiations between Israelis and Palestinians is resumed. For this, a first step could be that Prime Minister Olmert and President Abbas meet and start a meaningful dialogue. But this dialogue would not be viable if Israel continues with its policies of creating facts on the ground, such as the construction of the Separation Barrier and the continuation of settlement activity in the West Bank. These policies should stop. Unfortunately the parties by themselves have demonstrated that they are unable to take the necessary measures to resume dialogue. That is why the active assistance of the international community is needed. This Security Council and the Quartet have a very important role to play and must be more proactive and effective in the future than they have been up to now. Even though discussions on short term issues are needed to restore the confidence between the parties, a long-term perspective should also be incorporated. We cannot continue to avoid addressing the complex issues related to final status. In this context, we believe that it could be worthwhile to explore the initiative presented by the leaders of Spain, France and Italy to convene an international conference to return to the path initiated by the Madrid Conference 25 years ago. Mr. President On the situation in Lebanon, I would like to voice our concern for the situation of increasing tension and for the political crisis deepened in recent days by the resignation of a significant part of the Cabinet and by the inconclusive round of consultations convened under the auspices of the Speaker of the Parliament. We call on all parties in Lebanon to resolve their differences respecting the democratic rules and not to resort under any circumstances to the threat of violence. All Lebanese actors must exercise the utmost restraint and caution. With regard to the implementation of resolution 1701, we are pleased that UNIFIL and the Lebanese Armed Forces have continued to maintain peace and order in the area south of the Litani River. We believe that the measures undertaken in recent weeks to address the question of caches of arms in that zone are very positive. However, we cannot but underline our grave concern for the continued Israeli incursions into Lebanese airspace that constitute violations to the cessation of hostilities. We also express our concern for the absence of a solution to the question of the two Israeli soldiers taken prisoners more than 4 months ago. On other outstanding aspects of resolution 1701, we hope that the Secretary General would put forward some specific recommendations in his next report. Mr. President The current difficult juncture the Middle East is going through demonstrates once again that the path of violence only contributes to increase the suffering of the peoples of the region. The only viable alternative is therefore the search for a just and lasting peace that encompasses the Palestinian, Lebanese and Syrian tracks. The basis of such a peace are the relevant resolutions of this Security Council, the terms of reference of Madrid, including the principle of land for peace, and the Arab peace initiative of Beirut. November 8, 2006: The situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina Mr. President, We welcome Mr. Christian Schwarz-Schilling, High Representative and European Union Special Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina and renew him the full commitment of my Delegation to his important functions. Mr. President, This Council is willing to consider again a reauthorization of the European Union Military Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina (EUFOR) to continue its operations in line with its mandate to provide deterrence, ensure continued compliance in relation to the responsibilities specified in the General Framework Agreement for Peace and contribute to a safe and secure environment. In particular, we would like to underline EUFOR operations against organized crime and its regular contacts with the police and other law enforcement agencies as well as its weapons collection activities with a good cooperation by the local police. We were informed that the European Union will review EUFOR activities and will make recommendations on the Office of the High Representative early next year. We look forward to analyzing this assessment. We note with appreciation the negotiations between the European Union and Bosnia and Herzegovina on a Stabilization and Association Agreement (SAA). We are pleased to know that Bosnia and Herzegovina is on its way towards its Euroatlantic integration, with a political and security situation which is generally stable and progressing towards the fulfillment of the conditions to advance to a stage of an autonomous national State actively integrated in Europe. In this context, we want to point out the election held on 1st October, 2006, the first election that was fully administered by the country' s authorities. However, these achievements cannot avoid consideration of pending issues. We deem it imperative to achieve the same progress that were registered in other areas in the fight against impunity. We also remind that two important SAA requirements include cooperation with the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and police restructuring. In addition, it will be necessary to progress in practical terms with the agreed constitutional reform. It is useful to reiterate that the primary responsibility for the further successful implementation of the Peace Agreement lies with the authorities of Bosnia and Herzegovina themselves and that the continued participation of the international community and of major donors in its implementation burden will be determined by the compliance and active participation by all the authorities in implementing the Agreement and rebuilding a civil society, with special emphasis in the full cooperation with the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia - which includes, among other issues, the surrender for trial or apprehension of all persons indicted by the Tribunal - as well as the strengthening of joint institutions which foster the building of a fully functioning self-sustaining State, able to integrate itself into the European structures and the task of facilitating returns of refugees and displaced persons. To conclude, my delegation considers it necessary to resolve the issue of police certification. We take note of the letter of the High Representative dated August 29th, 2006, and we thank him for the information regarding the options that were explored with the Department of Peacekeeping Operations in the search of a pragmatic approach to address this matter in line with the recommendations of the October 2005 Opinion of the Council of Europe's advisory body on Constitutional matters (Venice Commission) Mr. President, As we have stated before, Argentina supports the unrestricted fulfillment of the Dayton Agreements and the effective implementation of its commitments, in particular, the cooperation with the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia. We believe that only through our joint efforts against impunity for serious human rights violations will be fostered the development of judicial institutions, and will also be strengthened justice and the rule of law. We urge the parties to commit their best efforts in this regard that will allow the achievement of the reconciliation needed to set the bases of a truly sustainable society. Thank you. October 26, 2006: Resolution 1325: The roles of women in the consolidation of Peace. Mr. President, First of all let me thank the Japanese Presidency for the organization of this open debate that reflects the commitment of the Security Council to the implementation of Resolution 1325. I also thank the participation of those speakers who preceded me whose statements allow us to have a clearer picture on the progress and gaps of this implementation process. From a human rights perspective, Argentina attaches high priority to the situation of women in armed conflict and the participation of women in peace processes and in peace consolidation Resolution 1325 is the legal framework that allows this participation to become effective both at the national and at the international level. At this time the debate focuses on the role of women in peace consolidation and from this context my Delegation would like to remind of the important role that women played in the democratization process in Argentina when they decided to unite in the search of the truth on what really had happened with their children and grandchildren who had been victims of enforced disappearances that characterized the military dictatorship in Argentina. However at that time these groups of women did not have an international legal framework to protect them on their way towards the truth. At that time the international community acknowledged women as victims of conflicts more than protagonists of peace processes and as fundamental actors in the lasting peace process. Our own experience makes us recognize the importance of implement national action plans for the implementation of Resolution 1325. These plans should be elaborated through a participative process that should include monitoring and accountability mechanisms for the governments to assure not only the greatest possible number of women participation in the decision making processes of the country but also that their demands and needs are taken into consideration at all state levels, especially in the institutional reform processes, including the reform of the legislative, legal and security sectors. From the United Nations perspective it is necessary to
assure a systematic implementation of Resolution 1325 in all spheres of
its work, starting with the inclusion of the gender perspective in all
resolutions of this Council, including resolutions that establish or extend
a peace operation and in the terms of reference of the missions undertaken
by the Security Council. Mr. President, In conclusion, we believe that the commitment to the situation of women in armed conflicts and to gender equality must materialize in concrete actions in order to amplify the voices of women in peace processes, reform the institutions so that they take into consideration the needs of women and establish mechanisms of accountability both at the national and at the international level regarding the implementation of Resolution 1325. Thank you. October 19, 2006: The situation in the Middle East, iIncluding the Palestinian Question I should like at the outset to thank the Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process, Alvaro de Soto, for his excellent presentation. On behalf of the Argentine government I would like to convey to Mr. de Soto our appreciation for his efforts aimed at achieving a solution to the conflict in the Middle East. My country is gravely concerned about the situation in the Gaza Strip. We regret to note that it continues to deteriorate at an alarming pace. Israeli military operations, the actions of Palestinian extremist groups and the increasing tensions between followers of Hamas and Fatah are the main factors contributing to this deterioration. The Palestinian civilian population is the main victim of this violence and suffers the most from the profound economic crisis of the Gaza Strip. If this were to continue we risk a greater fragmentation and radicalization of the Palestinian society and a possible collapse of the Palestinian Authority, which would be a terrible and perhaps irreversible setback in the search for peace. We must do everything to avoid this scenario. We regret that the negotiations to form a Palestinian Government of national unity have proven so far unsuccessful Argentina firmly supports the efforts of President Abbas with a view to ensuring that the programme of the Palestinian Government reflects the three basic principles set forth by the international community. We hope that in spite of the difficulties encountered these efforts will continue and that the leaders of Hamas will reconsider their position. The Israeli people has the right to demand that the attacks with Qassem rockets against villages of the South of Israel cease and that Corporal Gilad Shalit be released without preconditions. Argentina strongly supports these demands. At the same time, my country believes that a purely military response and the disproportionate use of force will not achieve the desired results and will only contribute to increase the suffering of the Palestinian population and to strengthen those that advocate violence. The Palestinian people has also the right to demand that the closures and the restrictions of movement are eased, that the crossings into and out of Gaza are kept permanently open, that the military operations that affect innocent civilians are put to an end, that the members of the Government and of the Palestinian Legislative Council arrested in the last months are released, that the construction of the separation barrier ceases and that all settlement activity is frozen. My country also supports these demands and calls upon Israel to fulfill them. We also request Israel to transfer all tax and custom revenues withheld since the beginning of 2006. In the end it is essential to keep in mind that the majority of Palestinians and Israelis agree that there is no military solution to this conflict and that a two-State solution cannot be achieved through unilateral actions by either side. My delegation believes that in the future this Security Council and the Quartet must be more active and effective in the search for a lasting peace in the Middle East. The principles of such a peace are well known to all of us and do not need to be reinvented. What we need is a credible political process based on dialogue, implementation in parallel of mutual obligations and international monitoring of performance and fulfillment of benchmarks. That is why we believe that in the forthcoming months the Quartet should focus in the revitalization of the Road Map with a view to adjusting some of its provisions. This is the time for action. Mr. President With regard to the situation in Lebanon, we are generally pleased with the progress made in the implementation of resolution 1701 and we thank the Secretary General and UNIFIL for all the efforts made in this regard. At the same time, we are well aware that there is still a lot to be done. We reiterate our call for the immediate and unconditional release of the Israeli soldiers Ehud Goldwasser and Eldad Regev. We are gravely concerned about the use of cluster bombs by Israel in Lebanon, which constitute a threat to the civilian population, the humanitarian agencies and even to the personnel of UNIFIL. Israel should provide all relevant information regarding the areas most affected by these weapons and the quantities and type of bombs used. Israeli violations of the Lebanese airspace are also a reason for concern and must cease immediately. With regard to other aspects of the implementation of resolution 1701, we support the measures that the Lebanese Government could undertake for the disarmament of Hizbollah and to ensure that there are no armed groups or weapons south of the Litani river besides the regular armed forces operating in that area. The events of the last months demonstrate that it is imperative to achieve a comprehensive peace in the Middle East. Such a peace should encompass the Israeli-Palestinian, the Israeli-Lebanese and the Israeli-Syrian tracks. With regard to the last one, we hope that the parties will start negotiations in order to put an end to the occupation of the Golan Heights in accordance with resolution 338. Argentina believes that in the current circumstances this Security Council and the broad international community should avoid the temptation of inaction and complacency. On the contrary, our priority should be to revitalize the peace process with a view to fully realize the legitimate aspirations of the peoples of the Middle East to security, dignity and recognition.
September 21, 2006:The situation in the Middle East, Including the Palestinian Question Madam President, At the outset I would like to express my delegation's appreciation for the excellent work done by the delegation of the Hellenic Republic in the Presidency of the Security Council during the month of September. I would like to thank you in particular for all the efforts exerted for this meeting to be held. I would like to thank the Secretary-General for his presentation and I would like to convey to him my country's appreciation for all his efforts during his tenure aimed at achieving a solution to the conflict in the Middle East. Argentina considers that the initiative of the Arab League to convene this Ministerial meeting on the Middle East peace process is timely. This is a good opportunity for the Security Council to reflect on the status of the peace process and to begin considering some concrete measures to revitalize it. The Arab-Israeli conflict has an historical and political importance that transcends the Middle East and has been a cause of instability in that region for more than half a century. For this reason, Argentina considers that the Security Council should attach a great deal of priority to finding a lasting solution to this conflict. The principles of the peace process were set out almost four decades ago and we do not believe that they should be reviewed. The occupation that began in 1967 must end through a negotiated solution between the parties. The result should be the emergence of an independent, democratic, viable and territorially contiguous Palestinian State, living in peace and security with Israel and all its other neighbors. As the experience demonstrates there is no military solution to this conflict. The path of violence and mutual denial will only lead to an increase of the suffering of the peoples of the Middle East. This option entails that the legitimate aspirations of the Palestinian people to its dignity and the establishment of an independent State and the legitimate aspirations of the Israeli people to its security would be indefinitely frustrated and wrecked by a vicious and senseless cycle of violence, reprisals and revenge. The situation in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank demonstrates that a policy based on unilateral acts will not solve the conflict and that "faits-accomplis" in the field such as the construction of the Separation Barrier and the settlement activities, will only contribute to exacerbate resentment, to increase distrust and to strengthen extremist sectors on both sides. Madam President, Argentina is convinced that there is only one path for the peoples of the Middle East: that of mutual recognition as a necessary step towards a definitive peace. It is evident that the parties by themselves could not overcome the current stalemate. Therefore the active assistance of the international community is essential to achieve this objective. The Quartet has an important role to play in this regard. My country reaffirms its support to the Quartet's efforts to take stock of the peace process and acknowledges the statement issued yesterday. At the same time we believe that in light of the delays and difficulties experienced in the implementation of the Road Map, the Quartet must seriously reflect on the consequences of the maintenance of the status quo and should consider urgent additional measures to achieve concrete results. The international community in general should also be more proactive in the search for peace. My country believes that the proposal to convene an international conference for the Middle East could positively contribute to re-launch the peace process and we hope that all interested parties can work in a constructive manner to convene it as soon as possible. In this regard, it would be also positive that the Secretary-General presents a report to the Security Council before the end of his mandate with concrete proposals to overcome the current stalled situation. The efforts of President Abbas to form a Palestinian Government of National Unity also deserve all our support. We hope that such efforts yield fruitful results and that the platform of the new Palestinian Government would be compatible with the three principles duly endorsed by this Council: recognition of Israel, renouncement of violence and acceptance of previous agreements. There is an urgent need for the international assistance to be reestablished in order to alleviate the grave humanitarian situation of the Palestinian people and also for Israel to transfer all Palestinian tax and custom revenues so as to avert the collapse of the Palestinian Authority. To conclude, Madam President, I would like to reaffirm
that our vision of a just and lasting peace in the Middle East is a global
one. The basis for such a regional peace are the resolutions of this Security
Council, in particular SCR 242, 338, 425, 1397, 1515 and 1701, the principle
of land for peace, the terms of reference of the Madrid Conference and
the Arab Peace Initiative. September 20,2006: Open debate on the challenges of cooperation between the United Nations and regional organizaction and other intergubernamental bodies in maintaining international peace and security. Mrs. President, First of all let me congratulate you and your delegation for the initiative to hold an open debate on a subject that unites us and express the satisfaction of my government for the presence of the Secretary General of the United Nations and the distinguished representatives of regional and sub-regional organizations. The Argentine Delegation would also like to thank the Secretary General for his complete report and its recommendations that serve as a guide for this debate. Since initiatives to establish an association between the United Nations and regional organizations started more than fifteen years ago, we have been able to observe a strengthening of operational cooperation between the United Nations and regional organizations in the areas of conflict prevention, peace building and peace keeping, disarmament and non-proliferation, protection of civilians and natural disasters. This cooperation has evolved into a pragmatic and flexible focus that recognizes the comparative advantages of the organizations associated with the United Nations to impartially tackle the conflicts in their regions. The values of representative democracy, the respect of human rights and the active defense of international peace and security guide the acts of the Argentine Government and are the basis for its foreign policy decisions. Therefore, Argentina supports all initiatives that contribute to the improvement of coordination between regional organizations and the United Nations in peacekeeping and security and in the protection of human rights in the whole world and to reinforce the functions of regional organizations so that they can efficiently perform their task of cooperation. In conflict prevention issues, Argentina shares the strategic objective that points toward regional capacity building for the protection of human rights through strong institutions that are aimed at promoting and protecting these rights. At the same time we support the efforts of collaboration of the United Nations with partner organizations regarding the protection of civil populations, with the objective of defining the functions of regional and sub-regional organizations and identifying the spheres in which they need to increase their capacity. Mrs. President, During the past years, the majority of the conflicts on the agenda of the Security Council have been essentially products of civil wars which are characterized, among others, by human rights violations, religious or ethnic persecutions, great movements of internally displaced or refugees, proliferation of small arms, trafficking in people, deterioration of the situation of women and children and grave distress for the agriculture and infrastructure of the affected countries. Very often, the internal conflicts have expanded to the whole region. The geographic proximity and close historic and cultural ties between members give regional organizations comparative advantages to better understand the deep causes of these conflicts and to find peaceful solutions for these problems. The tasks of prevention and early alert have important significance with this proximity. The same occurs with the functions of stabilization and the construction of stable circumstances. The recent United Nations peacekeeping operations have
taken place in close cooperation with regional, subregional and intergovernment
organizations: the work of the African Union in Burundi, Ethiopia, Eritrea,
the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Sudan and the work of the
Economic Community Of West African States (ECOWA In the American region, the case of Haiti is worthy of mention as a model for cooperation between the United Nations and the Organization of American States (OAS). We can say that the OAS has made a strategic association with the United Nations, facilitating the execution of the mandate of the United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH) through the leadership and experience accumulated by the organization. The OAS has contributed with its specific technical knowledge and has actively collaborated in the political dimension and especially in the continuity of the election process. This has been fundamental for the organization of free and clean elections that resulted in the current democratic government in Haiti.
As the Secretary General well indicates in his report, the cooperation in compliance with Chapter VIII of the United Nations Charter offers enormous possibilities to optimize the resources and stimulate political will of the international community to reach peace and security through an efficient operational association between the United Nations and regional and sub-regional organizations. For this reason, it is important to promote formal and informal consultation mechanisms that allow the United Nations and regional organizations to mutually enrich this interaction. When the universal organization examines a specific conflict, before acting in the field, it should have, under ideal conditions, the opinion and advice of the regional organization to add an adequate consideration to its point of view. We also support the recommendation of the Secretary General to establish a data bank on the capacities of partner organizations and the system of the United Nations as a basis for a conflict prevention mechanism of global and regional reach. Argentina also agrees with the evaluation contained in the report on the growing necessity to foment major recognition of the function of human rights in conflict prevention and early alert. We share the vision according to which the international community can benefit from equilibrium between the profound knowledge of a regional organization and the global legitimacy and authority of the Security Council. To this scheme we have to incorporate the recently created Peacebuilding Commission that could contribute to increase coordination between regional organizations and the United Nations through the Security Council, the General Assembly and the Economic and Social Council thus creating synergies in the post-conflict phase that would help construct the basis of a cooperation which avoids the unnecessary duplication of efforts, while taking advantage of existing complementary elements. A systematic cooperation between the United Nations and regional organizations, with a clear distribution of functions and adequate capacities will increase the efficiency of the international community to prevent conflicts, respond rapidly when a conflict breaks out and provide solutions for a lasting peace. To achieve that, as the Secretary General has put it in his report, we believe in the necessity of the equal distribution of capacities and resources for all regions of the world so that the knowledge of regional organizations may be used in conflict situations. At the same time, given the existing link between security, peace and development, we believe that the specialized knowledge of regional organizations, whose original mandates were centered on fomenting economic integration and commerce, may also be valuable to guarantee the success of the strategies for the economic increase and stability on the long run. In the Final Document of the World Summit of 2005 the strengthening of cooperation between the United Nations and regional and subregional organizations was urged according to Chapter VIII of the Charter. To accelerate this process, not only will it be necessary to end discrepancies between regional organizations and other organizations in the world, but it will also be important that partner organizations identify themselves either as regional organizations that act in accordance with Chapter VIII or as other inter-government organizations that act according to other dispositions of the Charter. Mrs. President, Lastly, we would like to express our support to the
Draft Presidential Declaration presented by the Delegation of Greece so
that, together with the implementation of Resolution 1631 (2005) and the
current debate, it may serve to generate flexible and pragmatic solutions
for the operative problems identified by the Secretary General in his
report of July 28, so that efficiently deepened cooperation between the
United Nations and regional and sub-regional organizations may contribute
to facing the new challenges and threats of our age. September 18, 2006: The situation concerning Sudan Mr. President, I would like to thank the Special Representative of the Secretary General, Mr. Jan Pronk for the comprehensive report he has presented to us. In this regard, we would like to underline the following issues: The cautious optimism regarding limited progress in the fulfilment of the obligations by the parties of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement is reassuring. However, it is necessary to advance more in key areas such as the power and wealth-sharing aspects of the CPA, particularly in the area of oil and oil contracts. We would also like to mention that legislation necessary to establish national commissions of Human Rights, Civil Service, Land and Electoral Commissions is still pending. At the same time, even if some of the various ceasefire bodies are functioning adequately and have had a significant role in the peaceful resolution of several incidents, the ongoing restrictions imposed by the authorities on the activities of UNMIS monitors in Abyei clearly constitute the Comprehensive Peace Agreement. We urge the Government to immediately lift these restrictions as well as those imposed on the humanitarian access, especially in Kassala, Red Sea and Gedaref States and to coordinate with UNMIS the necessary assistance to relocate communities in order to avoid the incidents that occurred in Dar Assalam, last August 16th and 17th. Mr. President, Like Mr. Pronk has indicated, the implementation of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement is entering a new phase that is full of challenges and that should make substantial progress in the areas of security-sector reform, police reform and restructuring, preparation for the return of the internally displaced persons, the national census and future elections together along with the vigorous application of the disarmament, demobilization and reintegration programs in order to mitigate the scourge of the grave problem of proliferation of small arms. All this, without any doubt, will contribute to bringing the population closer to the peace that they have been hoping for so long. However, peace will only be possible, with all the country at peace, when the critical situation that we are all aware of in Darfur ends in the framework of a lasting solution that is not funded in coercion and violence. The Comprehensive Peace Agreement is the bedrock on which the implementation of the Darfur Peace Agreement must be built. Is necessary that both instruments enjoy the support of all parties as they are negotiated political solutions for both conflicts. Only this path will allow to leave behind the conflict and instability and construct the bases of a society that is founded on equality and respect of human rights of all. Thank you. September 14, 2006: The situation concerning Iraq Mr. President September 13, 2006: Report of the Secretary General on UNMIK: Mr. Chairman, At the outset, let me welcome the new Special Representative of the Secretary General, Mr. Joachim Rücker, and wish him success in this new endeavor at this decisive stage for the future of Kosovo. We assure him the full cooperation of my delegation in the tasks ahead. We also thank him for the comprehensive report that he has just presented us on the activities of UNMIK and the events in that Province. We also thank the President of the Coordination Center for Kosovo and Metohija, Ms. Sanda Raskovic-Ivic, for her statement. We welcome, as well Mr. Prime Minister CEKU as part of UNMIK delegation in our debate. Mr. Chairman, We welcome the progress made in the two processes that are currently taking place in Kosovo. The political process to determine the future statute has drawn an active and high-level participation from both sides, even if we must acknowledge that scarce common ground has been identified between the positions of the delegations of Serbia and Kosovo. The political situation is dominated by the future status process and the underlying political issues, such as the report points out is the case of the governance of the portion of Kosovo territory at the north of the Ibar River. Tensions in the north persist. We deplore the incidents of violence that have taken place during lasts weeks, as well as the cessation of contacts of some municipalities with the Provisional Institutions of Self-Governance and the organization of parallel security structures. It is regretable that relations between Kosovo Albanians and Kosovo Serbs are still affected by apprehensiveness and mistrust, particularly in northern Kosovo. In this context, we believe that the participation of the Kosovo Serbs in the institutions of Kosovo is key to the increase of their presence in the political and institutional life and is an opportunity to assist in constructing optimal conditions for the future of their community. We appeal to the Belgrade authorities to remove all impediments on Kosovo Serb participation in Kosovo's governing bodies institutions and to put an end to its policies discouraging it. It is encouraging to know that the ongoing political process has had a positive influence on the commitment of the Kosovo authorities to standards implementation and to obtain results in this regard, i.e. in the completion of 5 out of the 13 priorities that had been established. This demonstrates the commitment of the leaders and the Provisional Institutions of Self-Governance to the implementation of the objectives established by the international community. Concrete progress on standards implementation is an essential condition to determine the pace of the process of the future statute. We take note of the actions taken that helped the revitalization of standards implementation and we urge the Government of Kosovo to work on the key areas identified in the report, among others, reinforcement of their contact with all communities, promotion of reconciliation and trust between communities and due attention to the security situation and the rule of law, bringing to justice all those responsible for acts of violence. In other words, reassure with actions that all communities have a place in the future of a multiethnic Kosovo regardless of its status. Mr. Chairman, Argentina believes that there can not be a prosperous and peaceful future for Kosovo without the complete recognition for the respect of the diversity of its people. The Contact Group has already said that the result of the process to determine the future status should be acceptable for the majority of Kosovo but at the same time it should respect and protect the rights of the minorities. We urge the parties to live up to their historic responsibilities during the negotiations on the status, demonstrating flexibility in their respective positions in the framework of a true spirit of compromise and we call on the Provisional Institutions to persist in the vigorous application of the standards in order to fulfill the objective of a multiethnic and democratic society in Kosovo where all communities live in dignity and security. Thank you. September 11, 2006: Reports of the Secretary General on the Sudan Mr. Chairman, At the outset, let me welcome the new Special Representative of the Secretary General, Mr. Joachim Rücker, and wish him success in this new endeavor at this decisive stage for the future of Kosovo. We assure him the full cooperation of my delegation in the tasks ahead. We also thank him for the comprehensive report that he has just presented us on the activities of UNMIK and the events in that Province. We also thank the President of the Coordination Center for Kosovo and Metohija, Ms. Sanda Raskovic-Ivic, for her statement. We welcome, as well Mr. Prime Minister CEKU as part of UNMIK delegation in our debate. Mr. Chairman, We welcome the progress made in the two processes that are currently taking place in Kosovo. The political process to determine the future statute has drawn an active and high-level participation from both sides, even if we must acknowledge that scarce common ground has been identified between the positions of the delegations of Serbia and Kosovo. The political situation is dominated by the future status process and the underlying political issues, such as the report points out is the case of the governance of the portion of Kosovo territory at the north of the Ibar River. Tensions in the north persist. We deplore the incidents of violence that have taken place during lasts weeks, as well as the cessation of contacts of some municipalities with the Provisional Institutions of Self-Governance and the organization of parallel security structures. It is regretable that relations between Kosovo Albanians and Kosovo Serbs are still affected by apprehensiveness and mistrust, particularly in northern Kosovo. In this context, we believe that the participation of the Kosovo Serbs in the institutions of Kosovo is key to the increase of their presence in the political and institutional life and is an opportunity to assist in constructing optimal conditions for the future of their community. We appeal to the Belgrade authorities to remove all impediments on Kosovo Serb participation in Kosovo's governing bodies institutions and to put an end to its policies discouraging it. It is encouraging to know that the ongoing political process has had a positive influence on the commitment of the Kosovo authorities to standards implementation and to obtain results in this regard, i.e. in the completion of 5 out of the 13 priorities that had been established. This demonstrates the commitment of the leaders and the Provisional Institutions of Self-Governance to the implementation of the objectives established by the international community. Concrete progress on standards implementation is an essential condition to determine the pace of the process of the future statute. We take note of the actions taken that helped the revitalization of standards implementation and we urge the Government of Kosovo to work on the key areas identified in the report, among others, reinforcement of their contact with all communities, promotion of reconciliation and trust between communities and due attention to the security situation and the rule of law, bringing to justice all those responsible for acts of violence. In other words, reassure with actions that all communities have a place in the future of a multiethnic Kosovo regardless of its status. Mr. Chairman, Argentina believes that there can not be a prosperous and peaceful future for Kosovo without the complete recognition for the respect of the diversity of its people. The Contact Group has already said that the result of the process to determine the future status should be acceptable for the majority of Kosovo but at the same time it should respect and protect the rights of the minorities. We urge the parties to live up to their historic responsibilities during the negotiations on the status, demonstrating flexibility in their respective positions in the framework of a true spirit of compromise and we call on the Provisional Institutions to persist in the vigorous application of the standards in order to fulfill the objective of a multiethnic and democratic society in Kosovo where all communities live in dignity and security. Thank you. September 11, 2006: Reports of the Secretary General on the Sudan Thank you Mr. Chairman, We thank you for convening this meeting. We also thank the Secretary General for his presence at our debate on Darfur which, unfortunately is overshadowed by deeply concerning circumstances. We recognize the participation of the Representative from the Sudan; we welcome you in our meeting and we celebrate that your Government answered positively to our invitation. Finally, we thank the representatives from the African Union, the League of Arab States and the Organization of the Islamic Conference for their statements and for the constant interest they have demonstrated in the search of a solution for this crisis which we believe has already taken too long. Mr. Chairman, Only a few hours after the adoption of Resolution 1706 (2006), which Argentina co-sponsored, the Government of the Sudan expressed again its refusal to the United Nations operation in Darfur with the arguments already known and continued putting in effect its plan of action, with particular emphasis on the military and security chapter. News coming from Darfur are very alarming: new waves of attacks against the civilian population, humanitarian workers and even members of the AMIS. Together with the renewed violence and suffering, there are indications that put into question the presence of AMIS after the expiration of its mandate which expires on September 30th. As my Delegation has already indicated on previous opportunities, by getting involved in the situation in Darfur, the objective of this Council and of the United Nations as a whole is clear: we want to work together with the Government of the Sudan, join our efforts in order to assist in the implementation of the Darfur Peace Agreement and in the protection of the civil population of the region. We urge the Government of the Sudan and all the Sudanese to understand that this is the aim we are pursuing. Argentina wants the Government of Khartoum to understand that together with the responsibility of each individual State to protect its own population, there is the responsibility of the international community to encourage and help States to exercise this responsibility and take action to help to protect populations. In the context of the crisis in Darfur, the only way to protect its civil population is with the presence of peacekeeping troops in the region, neutral and impartial troops that would neither constitute an occupation force nor would them limit the sovereignty or the territorial integrity of the Sudan. In other words, we are trying to protect the life and the security of millions of innocent civilians whom the Government of Sudan cannot do so. And let me, Mr. President, to be clear here: there is no such thing as a military solution of this conflict. As this Council has already stated, the solution must be found in the framework of the Darfur Peace Agreement. Only in the total respect of this Council’s resolutions, the decisions of the African Union and the DPA can we achieve these objectives. Therefore we completely support the adopted approach of immediately reinforcing AMIS and at a later stage - not later than next December 31st, as established in the resolution- UNMIS’ take over from AMIS responsibility for supporting the implementation of the DPA. Without any doubts, we need the Sudan to agree and cooperate with this approach; without its agreement it would be very difficult, not to say impossible, to fulfill the proposed objectives. It is also necessary that the international organizations more directly involved collaborate with their efforts in the same regard. Mr. Chairman, We cannot and must not remain paralyzed in front of a situation that calls for immediate action. Each day that goes by means more lost lives and greater suffering of a people who have already suffered too much. It is necessary to renew our commitment to the solution of this crisis if we don't want to continue to be witnesses of a constant and persistent violation of human rights on a scale that the international community cannot tolerate without taking actions to put it to an end. We urge all the actors to collaborate in a constructive spirit in order to collectively put an end to the crisis in Darfur and to help establish the basis of a more just society where all the Sudanese can live in freedom and peace. Thank you. August 22, 2006: The situation in the Middle East, including the Palestinian Question I would like to thank the Undersecretary General for Political Affairs, Mr. Ibrahim Gambari, for his thorough presentation. Argentina notes with satisfaction that the parties are generally complying with the cessation of hostilities called for in resolution 1701.However, the incidents occurred on 19 August demonstrate that the situation continues to be extremely fragile and underscore the need for the parties to exercise maximum restraint and avoid any measure that could jeopardize the delicate balance achieved after intensive negotiations. As the Secretary General stated, the Israeli operation in the Bekaa valley last Saturday constitutes a violation of the cessation of hostilities. Regrettably, also Israel continues to violate the Lebanese airspace in contravention of the provisions of resolution 1701 and other resolutions of this Council. We would like to recall that all States and in particular the neighbors of Lebanon have an obligation to fully comply with the arms embargo establishes in resolution 1701. Any transfer of arms non-authorized by the Government of Lebanon is a clear violation of the obligations set out by the Security Council. My country welcomes that the Lebanese Armed Forces began to deploy in the South of the country following the withdrawal of the Israeli troops from some sectors. The priority for the forthcoming days will be to keep up and intensify this dynamic so as to realize the objective enshrined in paragraph 2 of the resolution that all Israeli forces withdraw from Southern Lebanon and that the Government of Lebanon fulfills its responsibilities between the Litani River and the Blue Line. The assistance of UNIFIL in the process is essential. We acknowledge and appreciate the efforts of the Department of Peace-keeping Operations in recent weeks in order to accelerate the deployment of additional troops. We hope that after the circulation of the draft rules of engagement and concept of operations of UNIFIL it would be possible to ensure that substantive contributions to the force are made. We should also continue to work to achieve the immediate and unconditional release of the Israeli soldiers kidnapped by Hizbollah and to find a satisfactory solution to the problem of the Lebanese prisoners. Looking beyond these issues, it is essential to establish solid foundations for a lasting solution to this conflict on the basis of the principles mentioned in resolution 1701, in particular with regard to the disarmament of Hizbollah and other militias, the strict respect of the arms embargo and the solution of the outstanding territorial problems, especially in respect to the Shebaa Farms. In this connection, we fully support the mission undertaken by Mr. Nambiar and Mr. Roed Larsen and look forward to having a substantive and comprehensive report by mid-September. With regard to the humanitarian situation in Lebanon, we would like to express our appreciation for the efforts of OCHA and the humanitarian agencies. In the current circumstances, the priority is to access the affected population in Southern Lebanon and to immediately assist persons that are returning to their homes. The presence of a great number of unexploded ammunition and devices creates an additional challenge for these activities. In relation to these questions, it is essential that Israel lifts the maritime and aerial blockades and the restrictions imposed on the Lebanese land crossings. The Lebanese authorities on their part should assume their responsibilities with a view to ensure that the lifting of these restrictions has not a negative impact on the implementation of paragraphs 14 and 15 of resolution 1701. Mr. President The tragic events during the last month between Lebanon and Israel should not distract from what is happening in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank. Argentina is extremely concerned by the humanitarian crisis that is affecting the Palestinian people and for the death of innocent civilians as a result of the Israeli excessive use of force and Palestinian extremist activities. We continue to attach importance to the immediate and unconditional liberation of the kidnapped Israeli soldier and to the fulfillment by the Government of the Palestinian Authority of the principles set out by the Quartet. Likewise, we believe that Israel should immediately and unconditionally release all Palestinian officials and legislators, put and end to military activities in Gaza and take urgent measures to contribute to the improvement of the humanitarian situation in the territory. Israeli unilateral measures in the West Bank must immediately stop as well as any other practice that contravenes international law. Mr. President The parallel crises in Lebanon and Gaza have demonstrated
once again that there is no military solution to this conflict. Only a
negotiated political solution will be sustainable in the long term. Argentina
will continue to support a just and lasting solution to the problems of
the Middle East based on the resolutions of this Security Council, the
terms of reference of Madrid and the principle of land for peace. August
15, 2006: The situation in Timor-Leste At the outset I would like to thank the Special Envoy of the Secretary-General for Timor-Leste, Mr. Ian Martin, for his comprehensive presentation and for his efforts during the last months to contribute to solve the crisis in that country. The report of the Secretary General that has been introduced by Mr. Martin offers a comprehensive and precise account of the situation in Timor-Leste and contains detailed proposals on the future presence of the United Nations in Timor-Leste that are shared by my country. Argentina fully supports the recommendations of the Secretary-General and in particular endorses the establishment of a multidimensional integrated mission in Timor-Leste for the period of one year, with the mandate, operational concept and structure proposed in the above-mentioned report. We particularly welcome the fact that these recommendations adequately reflect what has been requested by the Government of Dili through Prime Minister Ramos-Horta in his note of 4 August 2006. The United Nations presence should fully respect the sovereignty and the particularities of Timor-Leste. It is essential in this regard that the whole process be led by the Timorese themselves. The fact that we are considering the establishment of a new mission in Timor-Leste should not be interpreted as a failure of past efforts. On the contrary, the achievements obtained since 1999 are noteworthy and significant. However, we have learned from this and other experiences that nation-building and peace-building processes are long-term tasks. The responsibility of the international community consists not only to renew its commitment with Timor-Leste but also to keep that commitment in the long-term. The forthcoming months will be very important for the consolidation of the Timorese institutions. The general elections to be held in 2007 are going to be the main landmark in this process. To ensure its success the support of the United Nations will be essential. Undoubtedly the justice sector and the police have been two of the most affected areas during the recent crisis. For this reason we believe that most of the international assistance efforts should be focus on these areas. Mr. President We very much appreciate the presentation of the report of the Secretary-General on Justice and Reconciliation pursuant to the request made by this Council in September 2005. Argentina supports that the new United Nations mission includes in its mandate concrete provisions regarding the implementation of the recommendations contained in this report. We believe that the resolution to be considered by this Council in the forthcoming days should adequately reflect these aspects. We support all the efforts between Timor-Leste and Indonesia to achieve genuine reconciliation. The Commission of Truth and Friendship could be a valuable mechanism in this regard and both Governments should make every effort to further strengthen the efficiency and credibility of the CTF, in particular through a review of the amnesty clause, in order to ensure that this mechanism be in conformity with international human rights standards. The events of last April and May demonstrated that the security situation in Timor-Leste continues to be extremely fragile. We take note with satisfaction that the recommendations of the Secretary-General envisage the establishment of a mission comprising all the necessary components to face these complex security challenges. The emphasis of the new Mission should be put in the deployment of a robust police component to support the maintenance of internal law and order and to contribute to the training of the Timorese National Police. In light of the elections scheduled for 2007, the continued presence of this component will be of the utmost importance. For this reason we should consider its deployment for at least one year. In addition, Argentina supports the recommendation of the Secretary General that the new mission includes a small military component under the control and command of the United Nations. We consider that the numbers and mandate proposed in the report are adequate. To conclude, in retrospect we can say that the decision
of the Security Council of accelerate the withdrawal of the previous peace-keeping
operation in Timor-Leste was premature. Drawing from these lessons learned,
the Council should respond in a timely manner to the current needs of
Timor-Leste and act on the basis of the recommendations of the Secretary-General,
thus sending a clear message of support to the people and Government of
Timor-Leste. August 9, 2006: Peace consolidation in West Africa The Republic of Argentina would like to thank the Delegation of Ghana for organizing this open debate on peace consolidation in West Africa and particularly your presence, Hon. Minister Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo-Addo conducting our deliberations. We also acknowledge the participation of the Special Representative of the Secretary General, Mr. Ahmedou Ould-Abdallah, among others. We thank him for his statement and congratulate him for his work heading the United Nations Office for West Africa.Mr. President, My delegation attaches great importance to the issues that we are discussing today. The region of West Africa comprises 15 countries with more than 250 million people who live in a territory of 5 million square kilometers, with strategic political and economic relevance for the whole continent. Some of these countries, such as Liberia, Sierra Leone and Guinea-Bissau, have managed to achieve a satisfactory transition from conflict to constitutional rule. Others, like Cote D'Ivoire have embarked on the path towards the establishment of a similar regime. All these situations, with their own characteristics, have demanded great efforts and the commitment of both regional actors and the international community as a whole in order to achieve peace, security and sustainable development. We recognize that each situation is different. Nevertheless, we find common elements in many of them. In the first place, they share a colonial past which obviously has influenced over the institutional weaknesses that these new States currently suffer. Other common elements of the crisis and the challenges that these countries face for the future are their limited possibilities of economic growth; the need to strengthen the state authority; a reduced experience in the management of public affairs and corruption. At the same time we also find in same cases issues related to the return of refugees and internally displaced people; the need to reform their respective security sector along with the disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of ex-combatants; illicit cross-border activities; a worrisome humanitarian situation that still persists in many parts of the region; the crucial role of justice and the fight against impunity for serious crimes committed in the past; the need for education in the respect of human rights. It is for this reason that we consider it necessary to adopt a coordinated approach in searching durable solutions for the conflicts of the region, promoting the capacity of national institutions to address the root causes of the conflict in the framework of a peace consolidation process. In this regard, it is important to underline the valuable contribution of regional actors, such as the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), and the advantages of a cooperative work between the United Nations and regional organizations, like the experience with the ECOWAS has demonstrated. It is also important to mention the contribution of the Peace Building Commission in order to collaborate to build a sustainable peace and help prevent the nations from sliding back into conflict by assessing the existence of the elements that are essential to achieve stability, from immediate humanitarian assistance to security conditions and national efforts aimed at institution building, just to mention a few.
It will be necessary that all the actors concerned commit their outmost efforts for the cause of peace and national reconciliation in West Africa. Only through a coordinated effort that recognizes the primary role of each Government in the development of its own conditions it will be possible to revert the negative consequences of the conflicts that the region suffered during the last decade and the countries will be able to leave behind the fragility that still subsists in some of them in order to consolidate the gains of a sustainable peace. Argentina thanks again for the organization of this debate and affirms its disposition to collaborate with this endeavor. Finally, Mr. President, we thank your delegation for the elaboration of the draft Presidential Statement and we inform you that we are ready to support it. Thank you. July 24, 2006: Children and armed conflict Mr. Chairman, Argentina would like to thank the initiative of the French Presidency of the Security Council for the month of July for organizing this debate that demonstrates once more the decision of the Security Council to end the difficulties and suffering of children affected by armed conflict. We welcome the new Special Representative of the Secretary General for Children in armed conflict. We are pleased to see that the Office is fully functional and that Ms. Coomaraswamy is already visiting the field. We support such visits in the future. Mr. Chairman, Security Council Resolution 1612 was a step forward in the implementation of concrete measures to increase the protection of children affected by armed conflict. We appreciate the efforts of national governments to end crimes committed against children in conflict situations and to avoid impunity. At the same time we stress the labor of UNICEF, the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights and the United Nations peacekeeping missions, through child protection advisers, in order to put in action and follow-up on the field the work of the monitoring and reporting mechanism. We also highlight the activity of civil society and non-government organizations who have the difficult and risky task of collecting information on the abuses suffered by children and of denouncing the perpetrators. We request the greatest possible protection for them as well as for the relatives of the victims who often have to suffer the consequences of these denounces. Mr. Chairman, In spite of the efforts of the international community the last years, children are still victims of forced recruitment and of grave violations and abuses by armed groups. This is a complex issue that requires a solution through the adoption of and ample focus on political, legal and socioeconomic measures, among which we stress the following: 1. It would be important for the Security Council to send a clear signal to all responsible parties that the international community is not ready to continue tolerating violations against children in conflict, including the recruitment of child soldiers. The Presidential Declaration that this Council will adopt at the end of this debate will fulfill this objective. 2. It is necessary to support the monitoring and reporting mechanism and maintain it operative in all conflict situations in order to have better information on the situation of the children in the field. To achieve this, a greater political commitment is necessary and additional resources allocated by Member States. 3. The Working Group for children in armed conflict should establish a better coordination with the existing sanctions committees in order to consider the possibility of imposing sanctions against those responsible for the most flagrant violations against children in conflict situations. 4. The Working Group must keep on being active, speeding up its tasks and developing all aspects of its mandate, including the elaboration of recommendations on the protection of children in armed conflict to be incorporated in the drafts of the Security Council. 5. The Working Group should also consider other issues relating to the special vulnerability of children in conflict, such as the necessity of integrating all aspects regarding development, or how to achieve better involvement of regional organizations and civil society in the Security Council strategy, always within the framework of Resolution 1612. We believe that there is nothing to impede the Working Group from considering other issues as long as their consideration could result in the improvement of the situation of affected children. 6. It is necessary to reinforce demobilization programs, reintegration and rehabilitation so that the victims may have real opportunities to reintegrate into society. In this sense we thank for the participation in this debate of some development agencies who could add to the efforts of the Security Council, as far as their mandates allow for that. The final goal of all of these initiatives is the adoption of efficient measures so that the conflicting parties who are responsible of committing the most flagrant violations against children, may heed to the resolutions of this Council in order to achieve a real improvement of the situation of children in the field. Mr. Chairman, Argentina analyzes this issue from the general perspective
of promotion and protection of human rights and the least it can do is
to manifest its concern for the increasing impact of conflicts on children. The reasons by which children become themselves targets of the violence by some armed groups can be multiple and depends on the circumstances of each conflict, although in most of the cases, the special vulnerability of children made them a target easier than others at the time of increasing the number of combatants, doing forced labors or being sexually exploited. All these reasons are unacceptable. The seriousness of those acts urges a concerted action of the international community in order to put and end to those abuses and to try to reintegrate the victims into their societies. Argentina reiterates her commitment to this issue and her disposition to work for the adoption of concrete measures that will mean an improvement in the life of children who day by day have to suffer the consequences of conflict. Thank you very much.
July 21, 2006: The situation in the Middle East including the Palestinian Question At the outset I would like to thank the Special Adviser
of the Secretary General, Mr. Vijay Nambiar, for his complete presentation
and for his recent diplomatic efforts in the Middle East. I also appreciate
the efforts made by Mr. Alvaro De Soto and Mr. Terje Roed Larsen. Likewise,
I extend my thanks Mr. Jan Egeland for the information he provided on
the humanitarian situation in Gaza and Lebanon. We are ready to work on the basis of these and other
ideas with the aim of drafting a resolution that sets the framework for
a lasting solution to the conflict between Israel and Lebanon. June 28, 2006: Protection of civilians in armed conflict Madame President, At the outset of this statement the Argentine Delegation would like to thank you for organizing this open debate about the protection of civilians in armed conflicts as well as for the document that you prepared for our deliberations. At the same time we would like to thank the Undersecretary of Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator of the United Nations, Mr. Jan Egeland for his address to the Council. Madame President, The end of the last century brought to light again the horrible realities of genocide, the atrocities of war and the massive attacks against civilian populations. The Security Council reacted by incorporating the issue in its agenda and generating a legal framework for it through resolutions about the protection of civilians in armed conflicts 1265 of 1999 and 1296 of the year 2000. At the same time new concepts have been discussed that questioned the idea of absolute sovereignty of the State over horrifying criminal acts. Argentina participated in the elaboration of both norms and expressed at this Council in the year 2000 that the principle of non-intervention in the internal affaires of states must be balanced by the principle of non-indifference against massive violations of human rights and humanitarian law. Five years later the United Nations produced two important decisions that reflected the evolution of such a significant issue. On the one hand the Outcome Document of the 2005 Summit consolidated the rich debate of the previous years through the adoption of the concept of responsibility to protect populations from genocide, war crime, ethnic cleansing and crime against humanity. In this document our leaders indicated that they are ready to take collective action in a timely and decisive fashion through this Council against these grave situations. The second significant development of the issue was given by the approval by unanimity of resolution 1674 on the protection of civilians in armed conflicts by the Council, completing and updating the legal framework that was established by resolutions 1265 and 1296. Both elements, the responsibility to protect and the new resolution of the Council on the protection of civilians are the start of a new phase regarding the actions to be taken by the international community in this subject. Madame President, Up to the present the Council follows-up of the issues through debates each semester, such as the one we have today, and incorporates the issue in the mandates of the different missions. After more than five years with this approach we believe that the Council should improve the tools for a periodic treatment of the subject and explore with this objective the creation of a specific mechanism that would allow the systematic follow-up of the protection of civilians in each of the situations included in its agenda. This would allow an adequate and individualized evaluation of each case, facilitating the consideration of appropriate measures for each conflict, on the basis of a list of options that could include, among others, the proposals formulated by Mr. Egeland. A mechanism with such characteristics would also imply a greater interaction with OCHA regarding the information that the Council receives on this subject. This aspect has a special importance, from our point of view, especially in the initial moments where civilians are affected by the crisis and where the preventive actions that the Council may deploy play a very important role. Such a mechanism would allow, in summary, a more integrated implementation of what was established by resolutions 1265, 1298 and 1674. In this sense, it is convenient to remind that these resolutions also include provisions regarding the conditions in which the United Nations lends humanitarian assistance, such as the ones regarding access of humanitarian personnel to the affected populations or the security of the humanitarian personnel. The idea of developing a mechanism of case by case analysis departing from an initially thematical focus is not new and is already being implemented in a successful manner in the case of situations of children in armed conflicts. In the case of the protection for civilians, the consideration of a mechanism of this nature could also mean an initial step regarding the implementation of the final part of paragraph 138 of the Outcome Document of the 2005 Summit that indicates that the international community must support the United Nations to establish an early warning capability regarding the responsibility to protect. Thank you very much, Madame President June 22, 2006: Strengthening International Law: Rule of law and maintenance of International peace and Security. Mr. Minister, We would like to thank the Danish Presidency of the Security Council for convening this Open Debate. Your presence here today, Mr. Minister, as well as that of the President of the International Court of Justice, the basic pillar of international law of our organization, are an honor for us. Our country attaches the greatest importance to the affirmation of the Rule of Law as an essential requisite to achieve peace and security at the national level and especially within the framework of action of the Security Council. Argentine history of the past decades allowed us to appreciate, even more, the importance of democracy and the rule of law. The socio-economic and political crises that we have lived through have not altered the perception of society about these basic values of coexistence which must be defended and preserved. The Rule of Law is a system in which the law gives a common measure to all individuals. The Rule of Law and Justice legitimate the action of those who govern, and assure dignity, security and prosperity for all citizens without distinction. The mandate given by the Charter to secure international peace and security gives the action of the Council a central hierarchical character within the process of formation and application of rules of international law. International peace and security are essential elements in the making of an international community or society. We believe that this global interest must be part of each of the national interests that we defend, since the Security Council is the international institution with the greatest responsibility. We also believe that human rights law is part of this category of global values. In order to build and consolidate peace, legitimacy, democracy and justice are the values that must guide the action of the Council in conflict management and post-conflict situations. We must continue to effectively apply the criteria and recommendations made by the Secretary-General in 2004. To that end, we believe it is clearly necessary to receive the report that was requested at that time and to establish the Rule of Law Support Unit within the Secretariat as it was requested in the Outcome Document. We must achieve a prompt and effective institutional setup of the Unit vis-à-vis the Security Council and the Peacebuilding Committee. When establishing the mandates in regional conflicts, it is necessary to give with due priority to the issues of Rule of Law, in particular the strengthening of judicial and police systems. The current complex situations in different conflicts in the Council's agenda are an example of this. We are aware that the need to arrive to political agreements tend to dilute human rights considerations and the fight against impunity. Yet, we must show leadership and make resources available for these goals to be compatible. The link between peace and justice is essential and it was the path to the creation of the Tribunals by this Council. We must continue working together and supporting the the International Tribunals for ex-Yugoslavia, Rwanda and Sierra Leone both with resources and political will. I want to highlight once more the support of Argentina for the work of the International Criminal Court. During these past months the objectives for which it was created have started to take shape. We want to highlight the investigations under way, the transfer of Thomas Lubanga to The Hague, the detention orders against the militia called Lord's Resistance Army in Uganda and the efforts to fulfill the objectives of the Darfur case referral. We ask the Sudanese authorities to fully cooperate with the Court so that the investigation may take place with the protection of witnesses. We urge the Council to continue cooperating with the Court to eliminate impunity and thus move forward towards a global system of justice that deters crimes in the future and punishes the criminals. The fight against impunity and for the rule of law must
be a firm policy of the Security Council. The effective enjoyment of human
rights lessen the conditions in which threats and violations of international
peace and security may occur - the great majority of which as we all know,
are intra-state conflicts. From our painful historic experience in our
country, together with other governments, we have actively participated
in the elaboration of the International Convention on the Protection of
all Persons from Forced Disappearance. We urge all members of the Organization
to adopt this Convention in the first meeting of the Human Rights Council
that has just started this week in Geneva. Regarding the application of sanctions by the Council, we believe that the Al Qaeda Taliban 1267 Committee can prove a fruitful way to advance the mandate given by the Heads of State at the Summit of last year that "fair and clear procedures exist for placing individuals and entities on sanctions list and for removing them, as well as for granting humanitarian exceptions". From the Chair we maintain impartiality in the review of the Committee's Guidelines, a process we have just started. But, for the same token, we believe that greater efforts should be made to include and respect the basic elements and minimum standards of due process. It is necessary that we reach a consensus or an adequate balance between the imperatives of security and intelligence and the respect of human rights. Altough we are aware that the Council acts on behalf of all member states by article 24 of the Charter, we also must be aware of existing perceptions outside the Council -member states, national tribunals and parliaments- who regard the Council as acting as a global judge and as legislator. However, the Charter also establishes that the Council has duties. Ius Cogens must also be taken into consideration. Therefore we appeal to all members of the Council to make the greatests efforts to achieve consensus in the review of the 1267 Committee's Guidelines and thus improve its legality and legitimacy. Political responsibility, common sense and International Law are our main tools to achieve that goal. June 20, 2006: The situation in Kosovo At the outset, I would like to join other Members in expressing thankfulness to the Special Representative of the Secretary General, Mr. Soren Jessen-Petersen, for his complete report on the activities of the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) and the developments in the Province. Since Mr. Jessen-Petersen has recently announced he will be soon leaving his post, we want to acknowledge his commitment with the Kosovo issue and the professionalism he demonstrated while fulfilling his mandate. We also want to thank the President of the Coordination Center of the Republic of Serbia for Kosovo and Metohija, Sandra Raskovic-Ivic, for her intervention. Madame President, There are two processes in Kosovo currently running in parallel. On the one hand, the process defined to determine the future status of Kosovo has moved forward. We acknowledge positively that direct conversations between the parties have demonstrated the existence of a some convergence in some concrete issues, even if substantial differences still persist. It is timely to point out that it is the parties themselves who are responsible for ensuring progress in these conversations, in which the outcome should be a mutually beneficial agreement. It is essential, for its success, for this outcome to be the result of a negotiation between them and not of an international imposition. At the same time we are pleased to note the progress from the report of Mr. Jessen-Petersen within the framework of the implementation of the standards which serves as a measure of the commitment of the political leaders and the Provisional Institutions of Kosovo to realizing the objectives set by the international community. We agree with the Special Representative in that real progress regarding standards is an essential factor to determine progress in the political process aimed at determining the future status of Kosovo. We take note of the actions put in place that allowed the revitalization of the implementation process and we urge the Government of Kosovo to vigorously work in the key areas identified in the report, among others, the rejoin of the Kosovo Serbs in the Provisional Institutions, the promotion of reconciliation and confidence across communities and due attention to the security situation and the rule of law, bringing to justice those who are responsible for acts of violence. Madame President, Argentina believes that there will be no prosperous and pacific future for Kosovo without the full respect to the diversity of its people. We think that it is necessary, and it is possible, to reach a sustainable solution for Kosovo in full respect of the principle of territorial integrity. This political process must be fostered by effective progress in the implementation of the eight standards. Standards implementation is also a requirement in order to materialize the European perspective for Kosovo and it must continue to be the core of the efforts during the process of status determination, and even after this latter is finished. We urge the Provisional Institutions to persist in the vigorous implementation of the standards in order to fulfill the aim of building the basis of a multi-ethnic and democratic society in Kosovo, where all communities can live in dignity and security. Thank you. June 13, 2006: "The situation in Timor-Leste". Mr. Chairman, First of all, let me start by congratulating you for taking the initiative to hold an open meeting on the situation of Timor-Leste. Argentina is especially grateful for the detailed presentation on the current situation in Timor-Leste given by the Special Representative of the Secretary General, Mr. Sukehiro Hasegawa. The Argentine Delegation also acknowledges the presence of the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Mr. Jose Ramos-Horta in this meeting which demonstrates the acknowledgement of the Timor Government of the invaluable support of this Council to Timor-Leste during the past years. We underline the message of Minister Ramos Horta in the sense that the Council should not forget the Timorese people at the historic moment they are living today. Through you, Mr. Minister, Argentina extends its recognition to the brave and perseverant people of Timor-Leste. The presentation of the Minister Ramos-Horta gives us elements of information that will contribute to a better understanding by this Council of the current situation in Timor-Leste and that will help this body to take the better decisions about the future of the United Nations presence in that country. Mr. Chairman, As the mandate of the United Nations Office in Timor-Leste is coming to an end, the report of the Special Representative contains a clear message: peace and democracy are not yet consolidated in Timor-Leste and under these circumstances it is fundamental to secure the continuation of the presence of the United Nations in that country, by establishing an integrated Office. The elections to be held in 2007 will represent a new stage for Timor-Leste. They will be the first elections after gaining independence and will need all the possible international support. We reiterate the importance that these elections be held before May 20 of next year. We must not forget that there might be disturbances that could negatively affect the peacebuilding process and the construction of a democratic state in Timor-Leste. Under these circumstances it is indispensable to support this country against eventual destabilization intents during the election period. It is necessary to recognize that security is still precarious in Timor-Leste. The threat of militias has not yet been totally eliminated. The unrest within the Armed Forces and the recent violent protests indicate that progress up to now -without doubt- has not solved the difficulties of the country. The creation of the security sector needs further support of the United Nations, complementing the important bilateral projects that are taking place. In this respect we would like to ask Minister Ramos-Horta and Mr. Hasegawa to provide us with further information on the deep causes of the recent incidents in Dili. At the borders with Timor Occidental, we hope that an Agreement on Management of Boundaries between Timor-Leste be possible soon. We welcome the good relationship between the two countries during the last years, which demonstrates that it will not be difficult to resolve pending issues. We believe that maintaining UN liason officers is important, especially taking into consideration that the demarcation of the border is not complete and that there is no formal agreement for the management of the same. In this context, it is also necessary to better train the police unit at the border of Timor-Leste. We are sure that a United Nations mission that contains a component of police advisers will contribute to the consolidation of Timorese police institutions. Another challenge that is not less important to peacebuilding and the construction of democracy in Timor-Leste has to do with the strengthening of the legal system. As the report of the Secretary General indicates there is still a need to strengthen the institutions in this field. The police and the legal system in Timor-Leste are recent and complementary, and must continue receiving support of the United Nations. The creation of efficient institutions and mechanisms geared towards the promotion and protection of human rights is another aspect to which Argentina attributes special importance. My country looks forward to the report on Justice and Reconciliation that the Secretary General is elaborating in accordance with paragraph 9 of Resolution 1599 (2005) of this Council. We reiterate that in our opinion reconciliation is not to be reached at the cost of justice. A third group of challenges is the fight against poverty and the promotion of development. This is a field where the support of the international community will continue to be essential. Concretely, it will be fundamental to promote economic growth in Timor-Leste at levels that allow for the effective fight against poverty assuring a better distribution of benefits of development between the urban and rural population of the country. With scarce resources Timor-Leste has achieved impressive progress during the last years in the field of education and health but 41% of the population of the country still lives below the poverty line. We welcome, in this respect the fact that the Timor government's budget will grow 75,5% in the fiscal year of 2006-2007 and that in its entirety the public costs will be directed to infrastructure projects, such as the construction of schools, health centers and highways. Mr. Chairman, Argentina recognizes the important progress obtained by Timor-Leste since the last report of the Secretary-General. The Timorese people continue on their way towards peace and democracy. However, the challenges of this process are still immense and therefore we believe that the Security Council must support the establishment of a new political mission in Timor-Leste by the adoption of a resolution on the basis of the report under consideration. The new presence of the United Nations should included elements like the ones requested by the Timorese Government in reiterated notes to the Secretary General: electoral assistance, civil advisers, police training and liaison officers for the borders. It should also contemplate aspects related to capacity building and national mechanisms geared towards the promotion and protection of human rights as well as the promotion of justice and reconciliation in Timor-Leste. It could also support the development initiatives and coordinate the different projects of bilateral cooperation. In this sense we support the recommendations of the Secretary General on the creation of an Integrated United Nations Office. We believe that with 35 police advisers and civilians (UNOTIL has 75) and 10 liason officers (currently there are 15 in the framework of UNOTIL), this office could at least attend the minimum necessities indicated by the Timor authorities and pointed out by Mr. Hasegawa. To conclude, we believe that, one year away from
elections in 2007 and culminating the support and involvement of the Security
Council during the last years, a new United Nations mission in Timor-Leste
would allow to focus the international attention to peacebuilding in that
country, to the construction its democracy and to promotion of its sustainable
development. May 5, 2006: The situation in Timor-Leste Mr. Chairman, First of all, let me start by congratulating you for taking the initiative to hold an open meeting on the situation of Timor-Leste. Argentina is especially grateful for the detailed presentation on the current situation in Timor-Leste given by the Special Representative of the Secretary General, Mr. Sukehiro Hasegawa. The Argentine Delegation also acknowledges the presence of the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Mr. Jose Ramos-Horta in this meeting which demonstrates the acknowledgement of the Timor Government of the invaluable support of this Council to Timor-Leste during the past years. We underline the message of Minister Ramos Horta in the sense that the Council should not forget the Timorese people at the historic moment they are living today. Through you, Mr. Minister, Argentina extends its recognition to the brave and perseverant people of Timor-Leste. The presentation of the Minister Ramos-Horta gives us elements of information that will contribute to a better understanding by this Council of the current situation in Timor-Leste and that will help this body to take the better decisions about the future of the United Nations presence in that country. Mr. Chairman, As the mandate of the United Nations Office in Timor-Leste is coming to an end, the report of the Special Representative contains a clear message: peace and democracy are not yet consolidated in Timor-Leste and under these circumstances it is fundamental to secure the continuation of the presence of the United Nations in that country, by establishing an integrated Office. The elections to be held in 2007 will represent a new stage for Timor-Leste. They will be the first elections after gaining independence and will need all the possible international support. We reiterate the importance that these elections be held before May 20 of next year. We must not forget that there might be disturbances that could negatively affect the peacebuilding process and the construction of a democratic state in Timor-Leste. Under these circumstances it is indispensable to support this country against eventual destabilization intents during the election period. It is necessary to recognize that security is still precarious in Timor-Leste. The threat of militias has not yet been totally eliminated. The unrest within the Armed Forces and the recent violent protests indicate that progress up to now -without doubt- has not solved the difficulties of the country. The creation of the security sector needs further support of the United Nations, complementing the important bilateral projects that are taking place. In this respect we would like to ask Minister Ramos-Horta and Mr. Hasegawa to provide us with further information on the deep causes of the recent incidents in Dili. At the borders with Timor Occidental, we hope that an Agreement on Management of Boundaries between Timor-Leste be possible soon. We welcome the good relationship between the two countries during the last years, which demonstrates that it will not be difficult to resolve pending issues. We believe that maintaining UN liason officers is important, especially taking into consideration that the demarcation of the border is not complete and that there is no formal agreement for the management of the same. In this context, it is also necessary to better train the police unit at the border of Timor-Leste. We are sure that a United Nations mission that contains a component of police advisers will contribute to the consolidation of Timorese police institutions. Another challenge that is not less important to peacebuilding and the construction of democracy in Timor-Leste has to do with the strengthening of the legal system. As the report of the Secretary General indicates there is still a need to strengthen the institutions in this field. The police and the legal system in Timor-Leste are recent and complementary, and must continue receiving support of the United Nations. The creation of efficient institutions and mechanisms geared towards the promotion and protection of human rights is another aspect to which Argentina attributes special importance. My country looks forward to the report on Justice and Reconciliation that the Secretary General is elaborating in accordance with paragraph 9 of Resolution 1599 (2005) of this Council. We reiterate that in our opinion reconciliation is not to be reached at the cost of justice. A third group of challenges is the fight against poverty and the promotion of development. This is a field where the support of the international community will continue to be essential. Concretely, it will be fundamental to promote economic growth in Timor-Leste at levels that allow for the effective fight against poverty assuring a better distribution of benefits of development between the urban and rural population of the country. With scarce resources Timor-Leste has achieved impressive progress during the last years in the field of education and health but 41% of the population of the country still lives below the poverty line. We welcome, in this respect the fact that the Timor government's budget will grow 75,5% in the fiscal year of 2006-2007 and that in its entirety the public costs will be directed to infrastructure projects, such as the construction of schools, health centers and highways. Mr. Chairman, Argentina recognizes the important progress obtained by Timor-Leste since the last report of the Secretary-General. The Timorese people continue on their way towards peace and democracy. However, the challenges of this process are still immense and therefore we believe that the Security Council must support the establishment of a new political mission in Timor-Leste by the adoption of a resolution on the basis of the report under consideration. The new presence of the United Nations should included elements like the ones requested by the Timorese Government in reiterated notes to the Secretary General: electoral assistance, civil advisers, police training and liaison officers for the borders. It should also contemplate aspects related to capacity building and national mechanisms geared towards the promotion and protection of human rights as well as the promotion of justice and reconciliation in Timor-Leste. It could also support the development initiatives and coordinate the different projects of bilateral cooperation. In this sense we support the recommendations of the Secretary General on the creation of an Integrated United Nations Office. We believe that with 35 police advisers and civilians (UNOTIL has 75) and 10 liason officers (currently there are 15 in the framework of UNOTIL), this office could at least attend the minimum necessities indicated by the Timor authorities and pointed out by Mr. Hasegawa. To conclude, we believe that, one year away from elections in 2007 and culminating the support and involvement of the Security Council during the last years, a new United Nations mission in Timor-Leste would allow to focus the international attention to peacebuilding in that country, to the construction its democracy and to promotion of its sustainable development. April 18, 2006: “The situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina” Mr. Chairman, At the outset, let me welcome Mr. Christian Schwarz-Schilling, High Representative and European Union Special Representative in Bosnia and Herzegovina since February 1st, 2006, and assure him of the full commitment of my Delegation to his important functions. At the same time, we thank Mr. Adnan Terzic, Prime Minister of Bosnia and Herzegovina for his presence at this session and the information he just provided us. Mr. Chairman, Last November 21st, this Council renewed the mandate of the European Union Military Mission (EUFOR) and favorably observed the European Union's decision to initiate negotiations with Bosnia and Herzegovina on a Stabilization and Association Agreement. We are pleased to see today that Bosnia and Herzegovina is on its way towards its Euroatlantic integration, after initiating technical talks in January of this year, and that it has fulfilled the conditions to advance towards the stage of an autonomous national state actively integrated in Europe. We take note, among other issues, of the renewed discussions on constitutional reform and the commitment reached by the eight strongest political parties to support the process and to agree on constitutional changes; the agreement that was reached on how to proceed with the police restructuring; the culmination of the defense reform; and the continuation of the effective unification of the city of Mostar administration. These actions demonstrate the responsibility taken by the national authorities to moving forward the process, which we positively emphasize. However, these achievements cannot avoid consideration of pending issues. We consider it imperative to achieve the same progress that were seen in other areas, in the fight against impunity. Even with the observed further cooperation with the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, the failure in the efforts to arrest two of the most known charged of genocide and crimes against humanity, Radovan Karadzic and Ratko Mladic, not only impedes Bosnia and Herzegovina’s joining to the NATO Partnership for Peace but also postpones the closing of past wounds. As we have stated before, Argentina urges the unrestricted fulfillment of the Dayton Agreements and the effective application of its commitments, in particular, the cooperation with the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia. We believe that only through our joint efforts against impunity for serious human rights violations will the development of judicial institutions be fostered, and also strengthening justice and the rule of law. We urge the parties to commit their best efforts in this aim that will allow the achievement of the reconciliation needed to set the bases of a truly sustainable society. Thank you. April 17, 2006: "The situation in the Middle East, including the Palestinian question" In recent weeks innocent civilians, both Israelis and Palestinians, continued to suffer as a consequence of a new cycle of violence, revenge and reprisals. The mutual accusations between the parties on the immediate causes of such violence are very familiar to us. Since September 2000, and even before that date, we have been hearing the same arguments. We cannot but ask ourselves how much suffering Palestinians and Israelis would have to endure before some of their leaders abandon the dead-end road of mutual negation and set off irreversibly in the journey towards peace, reconciliation and recognition? We believe that to put an end to this vicious circle it is essential that the Government of Israel and the Palestinian Authority recognize the legitimate aspirations of the other party to security, self-determination and the right to dignity and take concrete measures to address them. The Israeli right to live in peace and security entails that the Palestinian Authority should take decisive measures against individuals or groups that carry out attacks against Israeli targets. We reiterate that the new Palestinian Government should take a clear stance against violence and immediately act to halt Qassem rocket attacks from the Gaza Strip and suicide bombings and to dismantle the terrorist infrastructures, as it is envisaged in the Road Map. Argentina condemns in the most energetic terms the terrorist attack committed a few hours ago in Tel Aviv and conveys her sincere condolences to the families of the victims. We insist that there is no justification whatsoever for the killing of innocent civilians. Likewise, the new Government of the Palestinian Authority should fulfill the three conditions set forth by the Quartet and endorsed by this Council, which my country fully supports. The Palestinian right to dignity and self-determination cannot be achieved unless Israel puts an immediate end to military operations in the Occupied Territories, to extrajudicial executions and to other practices that contravene international law. In the same vein, Israel should cease all settlement activity and halt the construction of the separation barrier in the Occupied Territories. In this regard, we cannot fail to mention that if the prospect of a Palestinian State is seen to dwindle and become a distant dream due to constant Israeli unilateral actions in the West Bank and East Jerusalem, it will be increasingly difficult to persuade the Palestinians that it is imperative to accept the path of compromise. We reiterate once again that peace cannot be imposed unilaterally or by force. On the contrary, any just and definitive solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict should be achieved through good faith negotiations between the two parties. All territorial modifications to the line of 4 of June 1967 should be agreed upon in the framework of those negotiations and not be the outcome of “faits accomplis” in the field. The Palestinian right to dignity also relates to the restrictions to the freedom of movement and circulation. The situation of isolation of the Gaza Strip contributed to an increase of the suffering of the population of that territory and to a further deterioration of the already dire humanitarian situation. We reiterate once again our call on Israel to take measures to keep the Karni Crossing permanently opened. Both parties should attach priority to the implementation of the Agreement on Movement and Access of November 2005. This is in essence the message that we would like to convey to Israelis and Palestinians. We regret that the Security Council was unable to transmit a similar message last week and that the negotiations on a draft Presidential Statements failed. In the view of my country, the final version of the draft was balanced and would have constituted a good basis for an adequate and timely reaction to the current events in the region. To conclude, I would like to underline that despite
the persistent gulf between the parties, we all share a common interest
and duty to prevent a security and humanitarian crisis in the Middle East,
in particular in the Occupied Palestinian Territory. We remain convinced
that the best way to avoid such a crisis is through good faith negotiations
with the aim of establishing a viable, sovereign, democratic and contiguous
Palestinian State living side by side with Israel in peace and security
March 30, 2006: "The situation in the Middle East, including the Palestinian Question" As previous speakers I would also like to thank Assistant Secretary General for Political Affairs, Mr. Tuliameni Kalomoh, for his comprehensive presentation. At the outset we would like to underline that several important events took place in the Middle East during the past few days among which the most outstanding ones are: 1) the Israeli elections 2) the formation of a new Palestine Government, 3) the beginning of the Lebanese National Dialogue and 4) the Arab League Summit in Khartoum. We believe that this is a far-reaching moment for the region, especially regarding the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. It is up to the parties to make the choices that will largely determine their future. The international community has also a very important role to play in this issue in assisting the parties to take the decisions that will facilitate the difficult road ahead in order to find a peaceful solution based on the coexistence of two sovereign States living side by side in peace and security. With regard the Israeli electoral process we welcome the statements made by the leaders of some of the parties that won a significant representation in the Knesset, reaffirming their commitment to the search of a negotiated solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. We continue to be convinced that the solution to this conflict can only be achieved through negotiations in good faith and not through unilateral measures or military operations. The President of the Palestine Authority has also expressed his commitment to finding a negotiated solution to the conflict. We reiterate the message of this Council on 3 February of this year in the sense that all members of the new Palestine Government must unequivocally commit themselves to non-violence, to the recognition of the right of Israel to exist and to the acceptance of the signed agreements between the two parties. We expect that the leaders of Hamas will respond positively to this call. At this juncture of political rearrangement and new alignments we must not lose from sight that both parties continue to have clear obligations in the framework of the Road Map. In accordance with this document, Israel must freeze all settlement activity and proceed to dismantle settlement outposts. By the same token, Israel should put an end to the construction of the Separation Barrier within the Green Line. Regarding these issues we reiterate that in keeping with international law both the settlements and long sections of the Barrier are illegal. We also would like to request the Israeli Government to put an end to extra-judicial executions in contravention of the IV Geneva Convention and military operations like the one carried out in Jericho on 14 March, which is a cause of concern for my delegation. The Palestinian Authority on the other hand must make all efforts to restore order in the Palestinian territories and to avoid attacks against Israel. In accordance with the Road Map, all terrorist infrastructures must be dismantled and firm action must be taken against individuals or groups who promote or plan violent attacks against Israelis. The humanitarian situation in the Gaza Strip is a reason for special concern for my country. The almost continued closure of the Karni crossing during the past months has caused considerable damage to the economy of this territory and has had a negative effect on the humanitarian situation. Therefore we believe that urgent measures need to be taken to ease the scarcity of food and basic necessities in Gaza. We think that the best solution is the full implementation of the Agreement on Movement and Access signed last November and we request the Israeli Government, the Quartet and the Palestine Authority to attach a great deal of priority to this issue with the aim of keeping the above-mentioned crossing permanently opened and lift the innumerable Israeli obstacles for the circulation of goods and people in Gaza and the West Bank. The recent report of the World Bank on the potential outlook of the Palestinian economy clearly demonstrates the grave consequences that would have some measures already taken or under consideration as a reaction to the results of the Palestinian legislative elections. We believe that it is important to act with the utmost caution before taking measures of this nature since a massive reduction of transfers and donations to the Palestine Authority would have a significant impact on the Palestine GDP, raising the rate of unemployment and poverty to alarming levels. The budget situation of the Palestine Authority is also
a matter of concern, especially since the Israeli decision of suspending
all transfers of tax revenues collected on behalf of the PA. We must not
forget that the Palestine Authority plays an important role in the provision
of basic social and economic services and pays a significant percentage
of salaries of the economically active population of the Occupied Territories. March 20, 2006: "Small arms" Open debate. AT THE FIRST PLACE, ARGENTINA ENDORSES THE INTERVENTION MADE BY THE DISTINGUISHED AMBASSADOR OF GUYANA, ON BEHALF OF THE RIO GROUP. I WOULD ALSO LIKE TO THANK MRS. HANNELORE HOPPE FOR THE EXTENSIVE PRESENTATION OF THE SECRETARY GENERAL'S REPORT. THE REPORT HIGHLIGHTS IN A DETAIL FORM PROGRESS MADE AND THE TASKS AHEAD. IN NUMEROUS TIMES WE HEARD IN THIS FORUM, THAT IN MANY PLACE WHERE IS IMPOSIBLE TO FIND A MEAL OR A CONFORTABLE BED, IT IS EASY TO FIND A GUN OR A GRANADE. WE KNOW THAT ARMED CONFLICTS MAY HAVE THEIR ORIGIN IN MANY CAUSES, BUT FOR THEM TO TAKE PLACE, THEY REQUIERE AN INDISPENSABLE ELEMENT: THE ACCESS TO IMPORTANT AMOUNTS OF SMALL ARMS AND LIGHT WEAPONS. THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY IS WITNESS OF THE FENOMENUM OF WAR AS A WAY OF LIFE FOR COMBATANTS. IT DOES NOT MATTER WHETHER THEY ARE IN THE INSURGENTS SIDE OR THE ONE OF ANY GOVERNMENT. WARS OF THIS KIND DO NOT RECOGNIZE A REAL IDEOLOGICAL CONTENT. EVEN WORSE IS THE FACT THAT FOR MANY PEOPLE, SPECIALLY TEEN AGERS, BECOME PART OF MILITIAS IS THE ONLY PROFITABLE JOB. THIS TERRIBLE SITUATION, THAT AFFECTS ALL OF US, HAS BEEN CRUDELY DESCRIBED TO US ONE MORE TIME BY THE NGOS THAT LAST THURSDAY PARTICIPATED IN THE FIRST ARRIA FORMULA ON THIS ISSUE, ORGANIZED BY THE DISTINGUISHED AMBASSADOR DE RIVERO FROM PERU, AND TO WHOM WE ADDRESS OUR THANKS AND RECOGNITION. THE PROGRAMME OF ACTINO ADOPTED IN 2001 CRISTALISES THE POLITICAL WILL OF INTERNATIONAL COMUNITY TO FACE THIS ISSUE, ESTABLISHING AT THE SAME TIME THE BASIS TO ADDRESS THE HUMANITARIAN AND ECONOMIC DIMENSIONS OF THE PROBLEM CAUSED BY SMALL ARMS AND LIGHT WEAPONS. AT THE SAME TIME, MEMBER STATES AGREE TO COOPERATE UIT THE UN SYSTEM TO EFFECTIVELY PUT IN PRACTISE ARMS EMBARGOES ADOPTED BY THE SECURITY COUNCIL IN CONFORMITY WITH CHAPTER VII OF THE CHARTER AND URGE THIS COUNCIL TO STUDY FOR EACH CASE THE POSSIBILITY TO INCLUDE IN THE MANDATES AND BUDGETS OF PEACE-KEEPING OPERATIONS, WHEN APPROPIATE, PROVISIONS REGARDING DISARMAMENT, DESMOVILIZATION AND REINTEGRATION OF EX-COMBATANTS. TODAY, AFTER ALMOST SEVEN YEARS SINCE THE SECURITY COUNCIL ADDRESSED THE ISSUE OF SMALL ARMS FOR THE FIRST TIME AND IN VIEW OF THE FIRST REVIEW CONFERENCE OF THE PROGRAMME OF ACTION, WE ARE STILL CONVINCED THAT BOTH THE SECURITY COUNCIL AND THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY SHOULD STUDY WAYS TO IMPROBÉ THEIR INTERACTION WITH REGARD TO ISSUES LINK TO SMALL ARMS IN ORDER TO PROMOTE AND ELABORATE LONG TERM ESTRATEGIES IN THE FRAMEWORK OF PREVENTION OF ARMED CONFLICT AND PEACE-BUILDING, AS WELL AS TO DETERMINE THE LINKS BETWEEN ILLICIT TRAFFICKING IN SMALL ARMS AND LIGHT WEAPONS, NATURAL RESOURCES EXPLOTATION AND OF OTHER NATURE AND THE ARMED CONFLICT. THIS COUNCIL HAS RECOGNISED THROUGH ITS PRESIDENTIAL STATEMENTS THAT ACCUMULATION AND UNCONTROLLED SPREAD OF SMALL ARMS AND LIGHT WEAPONS COMPROMISES THE EFFECTIVENESS IN DISCHARGING ITS PRIMARY RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE MAINTENANCE OF INTERNATIONAL PEACE AND SECURITY. IT SEEMS THUS EVIDENT THAT TIME HAS ARRIVED FOR THE SECURITY COUNCIL TO SEND A STRONG POLITICAL MESSAGE THROUGH A RESOLUTION FOR THE IMPLEMENTATYION OF ARMS EMBARGOES DECISSIVELY AND PROMTLY. WE TRUST THAT AT THE TIME OF ADOPTING SUCH DECISSION
WE WILL BE ALL UNITED, SINCE STRICT OBSERVANCE OF EMBARGOES CONTRIBUTES
TO COMBAT AND ERADICATE ILLICIT TRADE IN SMALL ARMS AND LIGHT WEAPONS,
WHICH NOTHING ELSE BUT A CRIMINAL ACTIVITY. March 14, 2006: The situation in Afghanistan Argentina shares the principal conclusions and observations of the Report of the Secretary General, especially regarding the achievements in Afghanistan during the last four years and the numerous challenges ahead. We believe that in order to consolidate the institutions established in the framework of the Bonn Process and to normalize the situation in the country a continuous assistance of the international community is needed in several areas. The Afghanistan Compact signed in London clearly identifies the different aspects of this ambitious peacebuilding agenda for the next five years, especially in the areas of security, governance, rule of law and human rights, economic and social development and the fight against narcotics. Even if the Afghans themselves should have the leadership in all these fields, the international community also has an important role to play. At this time I would like to briefly refer to five issues: 1. The security situation continues to be reason for great concern. In the South and Southeast of Afghanistan there is still a high number of violent incidents and what is particularly worrisome is that armed groups use increasingly sophisticated means. The finalization of the political process does not seem to have the positive impact that all of us were hoping for. Keeping in mind that the Afghan forces are not in a condition to face this challenge, the international community must continue lending assistance. It is for this reason that we welcome the adoption by NATO of a new operational plan that would cover the South of the country. 2. Another major challenge is the fight against narcotics. The Afghan economy continues to be dominated by the production and traffic of opium. Until now the efforts have brought modest results, especially regarding eradication of poppy cultivation. In this regard, we support the adoption of an integral strategy, like the one presented in London. We should not forget, however, that it is not sufficient to adopt laws and present plans the key is their implementation. The Afghan government must assume a decisive leadership on this issue and the international community should continue to give assistance. 3. The human rights situation is also a reason for concern. We believe that impunity for the leaders of armed groups accused of grave human rights violations, some of whom have been elected to the Wolesi Jirga and occupy public offices, is unacceptable. We would like to request the Secretariat to provide us with more detailed information on the National Action Plan on Peace, Reconciliation and Justice adopted last December. We hope that justice is not sacrificed in the search for reconciliation and that impunity will not be allowed to reign. 4. Regarding the fight against terrorism linked to Al Qaeda and the Taliban, I would like to reiterate in my capacity as Chairman of the 1267 Committee, our disposition to support the Government of Afghanistan in all aspects of the implementation of the sanctions regime established by the Security Council and in order to apply the established procedures to solve anomalous situations with regard to people included in the list of the said Committee. 5. Finally, regarding the future presence of the United Nations in Afghanistan, my Delegation supports the recommendations contained in the report of the Secretary General. We agree in renewing and adjusting the mandate of UNAMA with the objective of assisting the Afghan people and Government in the next phase of the peacebuilding process. We will participate in the negotiations that will take place in the Security Council in the next days with a constructive spirit. February 23, 2006:
The UN Peacekeeping Operation; Sexual exploitaition and abuse Let us thank you for the convening of this meeting, and let us also thank Mr. Jean-Marie Guéhenno, Under Secretary General for Peacekeeping Operations, and Prince Zeid Ra'ad Zeid Al-Hussein, Adviser to the Secretary General on sexual exploitaition and abuse, for their respective presentations, that were clear and detailed regarding the subject that we have to address. Our country has always condemned sexual abuse and exploitation. These cases discredit and dishonor the high objectives of peacekeeping operations. The international community must be firm in their rejection and at the same time must cherish and continue to support the activities aimed at peacebuilding and peace maintenance in countries that are in conflict. Therefore, keeping in mind the complex context in which peacekeeping operations take place, the United Nations must implement consistent and specific controls geared towards avoiding and punishing cases of sexual abuse and exploitation and not to let any allegation go without investigation. Our country adheres to the policy of zero tolerance launched by the Secretary General with firm conviction. It has to be adequately spread, and widely promoted from within the national and regional centers for trainement of blue helmets. We highlight with special emphasis the utility of the report elaborated by the Permanent Representative of Jordan to the United Nations, Prince Zeid, whom we thank for his interest in and dedication to this subject. His report has been last year and will be this year an input of great importance for the deliberations of the Special Committee for Peacekeeping Operations. This Committee has worked out a series of recommendations for the Secretariat. We are pleased to acknowledge that a great number of those have been put in practice. Mr. President, The focus of this issue must be integral and involve all agencies in the field, since, unfortunately, we have learnt that some of their personnel have been in some cases responsible for committing these abuses. The response that the system will give will have to be, on the other hand, also integral and complete. In the field of rules, it is important to unify criteria and spread with clarity which are the norms of conduct expected from the blue helmets. In this regard the combination of three texts in a unified body seems to us a good measure on behalf of the Department of Peacekeeping Operations. Utmost effort must be taken to translate this text into all official languages and into most of the languages of troop contributing countries in order to better divulge and to achieve wide comprehension of the desired objectives. In the same vein, the proposal for modification of the text of the Memorandum of Understanding of 1997 seems to us a positive initiative which has as its aim the definition of the best kind of conduct that is expected from the contingents and the specific responsibilities of troop contributing countries. It is important to put in practice measures that emphasize existing responsibilities regarding organization, management and command, as well as to improve the access to recreational activities for the troops. Regarding capacity to sanction abuses, it seems to us indispensable to have clear terms of reference to frame conduct investigations and that basic principles of due process may be respected at all times. Troop contributing countries must react responsibly in order not to leave unpunished such crimes that have been proved. Lastly, when we point out that the focus of dealing with this subject must be integral, we include the necessity to have a rapid and effective strategy of assistance to victims, including access to services of reproductive health and psychological care, administrative and legal orientation and support and, when it is due, ways of financial compensation. We think that the General Assembly, on the basis of the recommendations of the Special Committee for Peacekeeping Operations, has an irreplaceable role on the debate of the issue and the taking of decisions. We hope that the Organization, through the General Assembly, may be able to take the urgent actions that this problem requires and that we shall see a gradual reduction in the recurrence of sexual abuse and exploitation cases, since these shed unfavorable suspicion on the vital contribution of peacekeeping operations to the international coexistence. We are sure that the majority of men and women who serve in these operations do that with altruism, professionalism and courage, many times even offering their lives for the cause of peace. For them, and for the memory of all those who fell in the line of duty, we must put an end to sexual abuse and exploitation cases, which should be combated with the greatest possible energy. Thank you very much. February 22, 2006: The Procurement system of UN Peace Keeping Operations Mr. Chairman, Thank you for convening this meeting to discuss the procurement system of UN Peace Keeping Operations. This is an issue not only with economic implications, but also touching upon the prestige of the Blue Helmet's work and the ultimate goal of achieving peace. In the particular case of Peace Keeping Operations, it
is important to bear in mind that the procurement system should be the
material means to the achievement of an ultimate goal: international peace
and security. It is thus regrettable that a system designed to serve such
a praiseworthy end should, on occasion, be made into a tool for the personal
gain of those who put their personal interests ahead of that main goal. We believe the General Assembly has a primary and essential role in control and accountability on this regard. In fact, we find meaningful that the last report of the Office of Internal Oversight Services on the procurement system of peacekeeping operations was initiated by a request of the General Assembly in resolution 54/296, which suggested the field of research and authorized it to carry on its work following the recommendation by the Fifth Committee. UN staff, especially those in charge of procurement, should be guided in their actions by the principles of transparency and accountability. The four elements regulation this system -in accordance UN Financial Rules and Regulations- are: best value for money; fair and transparent process; effective competition among bidders; and the interest of the United Nations. These principles, in addition to reaching the best quality, must be observed systematically in every procurement process. Thus, we are concerned to know through the OIOS report requested by the General Assembly, that the controls in place have proved to be inadequate, and that a lack of attention has been found in officers with high responsibilities, as well as the fact that some prices paid have turned out to be neither competitive nor economically sound. Argentina places special importance in the fulfillment of the recommendations of OIOS, in order to avoid future repetition of unwarranted situations, with overstated or inflated budgets. The General Assembly created an Ethics Office late last year, following the decision by the world leaders at the 2005 September Summit. We expect this Office to be promptly operative and to offer the results the international community expects - a professional body of highly competent international officers, with high ethical standards and able to act efficiently, not only to detect irregularities but mainly to prevent them. We have always pointed out that one way to ensure transparency and best price is competition and, specially, diversification in market of origin of products purchased. Thus, we are concerned to see that, traditionally, Latin America is not an important supplier for the United Nations. We believe our region has the appropriate know-how, technology and production to increase its participation in the UN procurement system. We urge the Secretariat to address this inequity and to promote an equalitarian participation of all regions, as well as the diversification of purchases, so that they may benefit in an equitable manner the economies of all members of the Organization. January 27th, 2006: Open debate on Peace, Security and Development in the Great lake region. We would like to thank Dr. Asha-Rose Mtengeti Migiro, Minister for Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation of the United Republic of Tanzania for organizing an Open Debate on such an important subject as Peace, Security and Development in the Great Lakes Region of Africa. For long decades this region has had to face both civil wars and wars among countries in the region that have caused the death of millions of people, grave human rights violations, internal displacement of civilians and refugees, destruction of properties and national economies. Unfortunately, this somber scene has been a historic constant and almost no nation has been able to escape it, especially during the stage of its foundation. The Great Lakes region has not been an exception. However, a democratically elected government in Burundi and the progress in transition towards democratic elections in the Democratic Republic of the Congo are advances where the international community has had an important role. These advances were possible only due to several circumstances such as for example stronger and more decisive collaboration among governments of the sub-region; efforts of the African Union and other multilateral organs; organization of International Conferences such as the one of Peace, Security, Democracy and Development in the Great Lakes region that took place in Dar es Salaam in November, 2004; greater cooperation between the Security Council and regional organizations for decision-making; tireless efforts of Peacekeeping Missions in the region; assistance given by donor countries; constant monitoring by non-governmental organizations of human rights violations committed by those who took part in a conflict as well as the necessity for humanitarian assistance. We do not believe that acts of the past must inevitably be repeated in the future. Structural changes such as for example a coordinated assistance effort for the creation of stable institutions, reconstruction and development of countries during the post-conflict period by the Peacebuilding Commission and the systematic punishment of human rights and humanitarian law violators at the national level, or in its absence, at the supranational level by the constitution of International Tribunals or by the action of the International Criminal Court, may generate the necessary incentives to reduce the percentage of the recurring conflicts in the region. Once a peace accord has been reached, structural change may be one of the best and most effective tools to guarantee international peace and security. The granting of amnesty for grave violations of human rights as a strategy in order to end a conflict has not had positive results on the long run, since the combating parties rarely put down their weapons and at the same time lasting peace cannot be reached without reconciliation within the society. It is only by bringing to justice perpetrators of human rights abuses and international humanitarian law that it will be possible to end the culture of impunity, thus promoting a solid starting point for long term stability for the countries in the region. Argentina is committed to the defense of these ideals within the Security Council and therefore supports the draft resolution prepared by the Tanzanian Delegation. Finally, we urge the countries of the region to finalize the preparations for the second Summit of the International Conference on Peace, Security, Democracy and Development in the Great Lakes Region of Africa with a view to adopting a Security, Stability and Development Pact. Thank you very much. January 24, 2006: Briefing by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. Statement by Ambassador C. Mayoral Mr. President, at the outset let me thank you for having convened this informative open meeting with the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Mr. António Guterres. We would like to thank Mr. Guterres for his briefing on the situation of world refugees and internally displaced persons worldwide. I would like also to express the appreciation of the Government of Argentina for the important work undertaken daily by his organization and by Mr. Guterres himself, for we believe that in order to carry out the functions he is charged with, one must have in-depth knowledge of international realities as well as a clear militant spirit in favour of those who have no voice. Recent reports indicate that there is reason for hope as concerns some conflicts. Indeed, we have heard from Mr. Guterres that the current number of refugees is the lowest in the last 25 years and that in some conflicts, in particular in Africa, the situation seems to have improved. However, conflicts and human rights violations continue to prevail that trigger the displacement of many persons in other areas. We are concerned by the issue of internal displacements due to conflicts, and we believe that it should receive appropriate attention from the Council, given that refugees and internally displaced persons are particularly vulnerable in the context of armed conflict, as the Council has said in the past. The recent debate held by the Council on 9 December on
the protection of civilians in armed conflict eloquently underlined the
difficult situation of From that perspective, there are certainly important areas of common concern for the Office of the High Commissioner and for the Council. The mandates contained in thematic and country-specific Council resolutions in areas such as access of humanitarian personnel to populations in need; safety and security of humanitarian personnel; the situation of children and women in armed conflict; and the protection of civilians are particularly relevant to the work of the Office of the High Commissioner and can have a significant impact on that Office's protection mandate. We believe that the interaction between those various dimensions
should be taken into account, especially in the design, deployment and
functioning of It is important that there be clear mandates concerning the protection of camps for displaced persons and that these be included in the establishment or renewal of peacekeeping missions. Reports of the use of rape against refugees as a weapon
of conflict and the abduction and humiliation of refugee children continue
to be routine features of We have already expressed our hopes with regard to
reports about the return of many refugees to their countries of origin,
especially in Africa. The contexts in which those returns are taking place
are very diverse. They include a variety of factors - including security
considerations - that positively or negatively affect the sustainability
of those returns. Although some of those factors fall within competence
of the Council, it is clear that the broad involvement of the January 23, 2006: The situation in Timor-Leste. Statement by Ambassador C. Mayoral I should like, first of all, to welcome the President of Timor-Leste, Mr. Xanana Gusmão, and the Foreign Minister of that country, our friend Mr. José Ramos-Horta, to the Council. We would like to thank President Gusmão for his important briefing, of which we have taken careful note. We assure him that Argentina will take into account the position of his Government during the forthcoming negotiations on matters relating to his country and in the Security Council, in particular with regard to the establishment of a United Nations political office in Timor-Leste. I would also like to thank the Special Representative of the Secretary-General, Mr. Sukehiro Hasegawa, for his introduction of the most recent report of the Secretary-General on the question. We would like to commend Mr. Hasegawa and the entire team of the United Nations Mission in Timor-Leste (UNOTIL) for their work. We welcome the fact that UNOTIL has continued to help to strengthen the Timorese institutions and to transfer expertise with a view to the development of endogenous capacity in the areas of public administration, justice, human rights, policing and other matters. We believe that those advances will help to ensure the smooth transition to a framework of assistance for sustainable development in Timor-Leste. In spite of all of the progress that has been made, we should note that Timor-Leste still requires assistance. It remains a poor country, and there are still a number of areas with regard to which it will continue to require international assistance beyond May 2006. Although certain international agencies and bilateral donors have been identified with a view to providing support in some of those areas, as the Secretary-General notes in his report (S/2006/24), some key aspects have not been covered. My country believes that we must keep all options open until May, since if we cannot identify bilateral or multilateral donors to assist Timor-Leste, the United Nations will have to do so directly.
Lastly, we would like to emphasize that, as is well known, we attach great importance to human rights issues. President Gusmão has transmitted to the Secretary-General the report of the Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation, which concerns abuses committed between 1974 and 1999. We would like to know what sort of action is envisaged
in response to the conclusions and recommendations of the report and whether
there are areas in which the United Nations could assist. We also take
note of the activities undertaken by the bilateral Commission for Truth
and Friendship established by Timor-Leste and Indonesia, and we hope that
the utmost efforts will be made in that regard to establish the truth
about human rights violations. In that context, we look forward to receiving
a report from the Secretary-General soon so that we can consider practical
ways and means of administering justice that properly take into account
the rights of the victims of human rights violations and of their family
members.
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